THE EVOLUTION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This paper provides a historical overview of instructional technology, tracing its evolution from rudimentary teaching aids to sophisticated digital learning environments. It examines key innovations, theoretical shifts, and the socio-cultural contexts that have shaped the development and adoption of various technologies in education. Beginning with early forms of instructional support, the paper progresses through the eras of audio-visual aids, programmed instruction, computer-assisted instruction, and finally, the rise of the internet and artificial intelligence in education. By understanding this rich history, educators and researchers can better appreciate the present state of instructional technology, its ethical application, and anticipate future trends.