INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES
The International Journal of Humanities, Economic Development and Contemporary Studies is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes interdisciplinary research on global issues in the humanities, economics, and modern societal trends. It aims to foster critical dialogue and innovation across academic and professional fields.
Institute of Education, Management and Professional Studies
SOCIAL COST AND HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN STATE-OWNED UNIVERSITIES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Higher education plays an important role in economic growth, technological development, and social transformation in today’s global knowledge economy. This study examined the relationship between social cost and human capital development in state-owned universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. However, despite substantial government investment in salaries, research funding, infrastructure, and staff training, concerns remain about whether these expenditures translate into effective human capital development and institutional efficiency. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and relied on secondary institutional data drawn from selected state-owned universities in Ogun State covering ten years (2015–2024). A panel dataset was developed using a purposive and census approach, focusing on available records of research funding, staff salaries, infrastructure, training, and graduate output. Data were collected using a structured extraction template. The instrument was validated by an expert in Educational Management using face and content validity to ensure its suitability and alignment with the study purpose. Reliability was established through a pilot test, and Cronbach’s Alpha yielded a coefficient of 0.90, indicating high internal consistency. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC), with the hypothesis tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a very strong positive and significant relationship between research funding and internal efficiency of human capital development (r = 0.904, p < 0.05). The result showed that increased investment in research funding enhances graduate turnout and institutional efficiency, although efficiency tends to fluctuate at higher funding levels, suggesting the influence of other qualitative factors. The study concludes that social cost, particularly research funding, and has a strong and significant influence on human capital development in state-owned universities in Ogun State. The study recommended that the government should increase and sustain funding for research activities in state-owned universities to strengthen human capital development.
Social Cost; Human Capital Development; Research Funding; Institutional Efficiency; Higher Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG EMPLOYEES IN NIGERIAN BANKS
This study examined the influence of organizational culture on knowledge sharing among employees in selected Nigerian banks, focusing on United Bank for Africa and Fidelity Bank in Anambra and Enugu States. A descriptive survey design was employed with a sample of 180 respondents. Organizational culture was measured using trust culture, communication openness, leadership support, reward system, and teamwork orientation, while knowledge sharing was treated as a composite index. Descriptive results showed mean scores of 3.74 for trust culture, 3.68 for communication openness, 3.71 for leadership support, 3.55 for reward system, 3.80 for teamwork orientation, and 3.62 for knowledge sharing. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated significant positive relationships between culture dimensions and knowledge sharing, ranging from r = 0.497 to r = 0.573 at p < 0.05. Multiple regression analysis revealed that organizational culture significantly predicts knowledge sharing with R = 0.742 and R square = 0.551, implying that 55.1 percent of the variation in knowledge sharing is explained by the model, F(5,174) = 43.812, p < 0.05. Teamwork orientation (Beta = 0.301) and communication openness (Beta = 0.279) emerged as the strongest predictors, while reward system had the least effect (Beta = 0.187). The study concludes that strengthening collaborative and open cultural practices is essential for enhancing knowledge sharing in Nigerian banks.
Organizational Culture, Knowledge Sharing, Trust Culture, Communication Openness, Teamwork Orientation
BEYOND THE BANKING MODEL: STUDENT-LED INNOVATION AS LIBERATORY PRACTICE IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
Higher education in Nigeria, like much of the Global South, remains constrained by what Freire termed the "banking model" of education. It is a passive system where knowledge is passively deposited rather than co-created. This paper argues that student-led innovation hubs in Nigerian universities represent a form of liberatory practice which challenges the oppressive pedagogical paradigm and drives institutional transformation. Drawing on Freire’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”, it analyses how these hubs, from maker spaces to tech incubators, embody critical pedagogy in action, fostering conscientization (critical consciousness), praxis (reflection and action), as well as dialogic learning. Through case studies of hubs at the University of Lagos and Ahmadu Bello University, it demonstrates how students subvert bureaucratic constraints through peer-to-peer skill-sharing, reclaim curricular agency by prototyping solutions to local problems, as well as negotiate power with university administrations. Findings show that these hubs are not merely extracurricular additions but rather sites of positive resistance, and spaces where students enact Freire’s vision of education as "the practice of freedom." However, tensions persist, as neoliberal university policies often co-opt student innovation for market-driven ends instead of social transformation. The paper concludes by advocating for institutional alliances between hubs and faculty to systematically dismantle the banking model. By centering student voices, this paper contributes to debates on decolonial education not only in Nigeria but in Africa and offers a template for reimagining universities as democratic, student-driven ecosystems.
Banking Model, Liberatory Education, Critical Pedagogy, Decolonial Learning, Innovation Hubs, Institutional Change
POLICY STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
The issue of climate change has been a serious developmental concern especially to the developing nations where the need to grow economically has been in conflict with the need to sustain the environment. This paper explores the ways in which mitigation of climate change can be incorporated in the national development planning in an effort to promote sustainability in terms of Nigeria. Based on the Sustainable Development Theory, the Ecological Modernisation Theory, and Systems Theory, the study designs the conceptualisation of mitigation strategies, such as the implementation of renewable energy, increased energy efficiency, policy tools, such as regulatory and market-based instruments, technological innovation, and institutional governance, as the implication of mitigation strategies on the sustainability outcomes, measured in environmental, economic, social, and energy aspects. The research design adopted in the study is qualitative research design and is purely descriptive research design as it uses secondary sources of data only, which includes peer reviewed academic sources, institutional reports of various countries, national policy documents and sustainability indicator datasets. In systematic document analysis and thematic synthesis, empirical evidence was considered and combined with the purpose of evaluating the connection between mitigation measures and sustainability achievement in the context of national development. The results show that when the policies of climate mitigation are strategically managed together with the development planning, the environmental quality, the energy security, the economy diversification, and the societal resilience was enhanced. Nevertheless, as seen in evidence of Nigeria, a wide range of persistence, such as disjointed policy and institutional mechanisms, mobilisation of climate finances, and mainstreaming of mitigation goals into wider development priorities are present. The researchers conclude that climate mitigation and sustainability results are mutually supportive when done through integrated policy frameworks that are coherent. It suggests enhancing institutional coordination, raising the consistency of policies, and increasing the investment in low-carbon development pathways in favor of the transition of Nigeria to sustainable national development. The research has an addition to the literature because it empirically synthesizes the mitigation-sustainability nexus in a developing nation setting.
Climate Change, Mitigation, Policy, Strategies and Sustainability.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN NEMBE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAYELSA STATE
Knowledge and practice of school health services among primary school teachers in Nembe Local Government Area of Bayelsa State was investigated. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample size of 104 primary school teachers was used for the study. Six research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. Research questions were analyzed using frequencies and mean statistical tools while hypotheses were tested using t-test and ANOVA in SPSS version 26. An instrument (Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of School Health Services - AKPSHS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Findings revealed that while teachers generally have a high level of awareness about school health services, their actual practice remains suboptimal due to some challenges. Findings also revealed that educational attainment significantly influences both the knowledge and practice of school health services. From the findings, it is recommended that there should be targeted training programs, policy interventions, and increased government support to enhance the implementation of school health services.
School Health Services, Education Attainment, Knowledge, Practice.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies influencing governance, education, and socio-economic development in the twenty-first century. Governments around the world are increasingly adopting Artificial Intelligence technologies to improve public administration, enhance policy-making processes, and promote citizen engagement. In Nigeria, the integration of Artificial Intelligence into governance structures presents significant opportunities for improving democratic governance, enhancing educational systems, and accelerating national development. This paper examines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and democratic governance and explores its implications for education and national development in Nigeria. Anchored on theories of digital governance and democratic participation, the study highlights how AI-driven technologies can enhance transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in governance. The paper also discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence in transforming educational systems through personalized learning, learning analytics, and intelligent tutoring systems. However, challenges such as inadequate technological infrastructure, digital inequality, and lack of regulatory frameworks may hinder the effective integration of Artificial Intelligence in governance and education. The study concludes that strategic investments in Artificial Intelligence, policy reforms, and capacity building are necessary to harness the full potential of AI for democratic governance, educational transformation, and national development in Nigeria.
Artificial Intelligence, Democratic Governance, Education, Digital Governance, National Development
CREATING A SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR HEALTHY AGEING IN BAYELSA STATE
Functional ability is the composition of intrinsic capacity of the individual (older adult), relevant environmental characteristics and the interaction between them, while the intrinsic capacity is the mental and physical capacity of a person which involve the ability to walk, think, see, hear and remember. These capacities are influenced by the presence of disease, injuries, and age – related changes. And the influential factor is prevented by establishing an age – friendly communities and environment which are Physical Activity, Social Connection and Inclusion, Safety and Accessible Health, Supportive Services, Supportive Mental Well-being and Mitigation of Environmental Risk. This paper critically review the supportive environment and added that blood group O is friendly for strenuous exercise while group, A, B and AB is for less strenuous one. The religion/ church is the way out for everyone to be taken away from loneliness and isolation. Government should have it as a policy to install grab bars in the bathrooms, proper lighting to reduce falls and injuries and also prevent air pollution, noise and extreme heat to foster healthy ageing. Key recommendations include Blood group A, B, AB should embark mild exercise to attain a state of well - being while group O is good for the strenuous one and Government should provide policies that prevent air pollution, noise and extreme heat to curb age – related diseases.
Functional Ability, Supportive Environment, Intrinsic Capacity, Healthy Ageing, Bayelsa State.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journals INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PETRO PIRACY AND ORGANISED CRIME IN AFRICA: THE LINKAGES
The paper examined the relationship between petro-piracy and organized crime in West Africa. The subject matter has evolved into an enterprise which mirrors underlying economic principles of business operations. The involvement of organised crime groups in primordial resource appropriation has altered dramatically the region’s energy landscape, accelerating a transition from an economy of greed to an economy of crime, underpinned by organised socio-economic structures which exploit the fragility of a manifestly troubled West Africa. Anchored on qualitative methodology, the paper relied on secondary sources of data collection. The paper found out that the historical background of maritime piracy on the Atlantic coast of West Africa can be traced to the wider context of globalization of commerce and criminality. The paper also revealed that the menace of crude oil theft in particular has developed into a well-organised business with the involvement of organised crime groups as several states and non-state actors converge on the corridor to exploit its vulnerabilities through unregulated resource appropriation, creating an economy of racket and a crude enterprise. The paper recommended, amongst others that government in the region should form a formidable intergovernmental organization that will control activities offshore.
TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN FAMILY HEALTH CARE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES AND SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL OF IMO STATE
This study investigated technological integration in family health care and its implications for health outcomes and sustainable national development in Imo State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and was guided by three specific purposes, three research questions, and three hypotheses. The accessible population comprised 7,890 adult family members and health care providers in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, while a sample of 253 respondents, consisting of 159 adult family members and 94 health care providers, was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Technological Integration in Family Health Care and Sustainable National Development Questionnaire (TIFCSNDQ), which was validated by experts and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.72 using Cronbach’s alpha. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while independent samples t-test was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that digital health tools significantly improve family health outcomes through better access to health information, health monitoring, timely care, treatment adherence, and parental decision-making. The study also found that technology-based health services contribute positively to sustainable national development by improving health standards, reducing mortality, increasing productivity, promoting economic growth, and reducing pressure on public health institutions. However, barriers such as poor internet access, irregular electricity supply, low digital literacy, lack of trust in digital platforms, and inadequate technical support hinder effective utilization. No significant difference existed between the mean ratings of health care providers and adult family members on all variables studied. The study concluded that technological integration in family health care is vital for improving health outcomes and advancing sustainable national development in Imo State. It recommended improved digital infrastructure, wider adoption of digital health services, and regular digital literacy and sensitization programmes.
Technological Integration, Family Health care, Digital Health, Health Outcomes, Sustainable National Development.
EXTERNAL GEOPOLITICAL SHOCKS AND DOMESTIC FRAGILITY: THE SECURITY AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF US–ISRAEL–IRAN MILITARY TENSIONS FOR NIGERIA
This paper examines the economic and security implications of US–Israel–Iran escalations for Nigeria, highlighting how distant conflicts generate external shocks that affect vulnerable peripheral states. Anchored on Great Power Competition Theory the study explains how rivalries among major powers transmit economic and security risks across regions. Using thematic analysis and content analysis of policy documents, the study identifies key transmission mechanisms through which Middle Eastern tensions affect Nigeria. Findings reveal that volatility in global oil markets constitutes the primary economic pathway, influencing government revenue, forex stability, inflation, and fiscal planning due to Nigeria’s reliance on crude exports. Additionally, disruptions to maritime routes like the Strait of Hormuz increase shipping costs and global trade uncertainty, indirectly affecting Nigeria’s economy. From a security perspective, the study identifies spillover effects including terrorism financing networks, arms proliferation, maritime insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea, and emerging cyber threats. The paper also reveals policy and institutional gaps in Nigeria’s economic and security frameworks, particularly the limited integration of geopolitical risk assessment into national planning. The study recommends economic diversification, strengthened intelligence coordination, enhanced maritime and border security, and establishment of geopolitical risk assessment mechanisms to improve Nigeria’s resilience to external geopolitical shocks.
Cybersecurity, Geopolitical Shocks, Great Power Competition, Maritime Security, Oil Market Volatility
STAFF-STUDENTS COLLABORATIONS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR AND TEACHERS'EFFICACY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
This investigated staff-students collaborations of School Administrator and Teachers’ Efficacy in Public Secondary Schools in South East, Nigeria. Two research question and two null hypotheses provided direction for the study. The study adopted a Correlational Research Design. The population of the study comprised all the 18,758 teachers in the 1244 public secondary schools in 24 Education Zones in South-East, Nigeria. A sample of 960 teachers in 79 public secondary schools in South East Nigeria was used for the study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used draw the sample. The instrument for data collection were two questionnaires, Staff-Students Collaborations of School Administrator Questionnaires (SSCSAQ) and Teachers Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (TSEQ) constructed by the researcher. Five experts in the area of Educational Management and Educational Measurement and Evaluation validated the instruments. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the test-retest reliability method and it yielded an overall reliability indices of 0.82 and 0.61. Pearson coefficient of determinationwas used to analysis the research question while Linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance . The result of the analysis revealed that there exists a moderate positive relationship between school administrator determination of staff task and assigned staff task as it relates to teachers self-efficacy. Based on the findings, the study recommended among other things that use of effective staff-students collaborations should be encouraged by secondary School administrators so as to enable teachers develop professionally through learning from one another. The study further recommended that school administrators should align with Government to provide orientation programmes in the instructional supervisory techniques in order to enhance teachers efficacy.
School Administration, Staff-Students Collaborations, School Administator, Teachers Efficacy
URBAN–RURAL DISPARITIES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Urban–rural disparities remain a defining feature of human development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite sustained economic growth and policy interventions over the past two decades. This study provides a comparative and multidimensional analysis of socioeconomic inequalities across selected SSA countries using panel data spanning 2005–2023. Drawing on indicators of income, education, health, infrastructure, and institutional quality, the study employs descriptive statistics, t-tests, and fixed effects regression models to examine both the extent and drivers of spatial disparities in human development. The findings reveal a persistent and statistically significant gap between urban and rural areas across all major development indicators. Urban populations consistently outperform rural populations in Human Development Index (HDI), income levels, literacy rates, life expectancy, and access to basic infrastructure. Regression results indicate that education, health, and infrastructure are the most significant positive determinants of human development, while poverty exerts a strong negative influence. Notably, infrastructure inequality emerges as the most critical driver of the urban–rural development gap, while improved institutional quality is associated with a reduction in disparities. The analysis further demonstrates that these inequalities are structurally embedded and reinforced by uneven distribution of public resources, limited rural investment, and governance constraints. The persistence of rural poverty and limited access to essential services creates a self-reinforcing cycle of deprivation, hindering inclusive development. Importantly, the study finds that economic growth alone has not translated into equitable human development outcomes, highlighting the limitations of growth-centric development models. This study concludes that bridging the urban–rural divide in SSA requires a coordinated policy approach centered on rural infrastructure development, human capital investment, poverty reduction, and institutional strengthening. By integrating theoretical perspectives with empirical evidence, this research contributes to the broader discourse on spatial inequality and offers actionable insights for achieving inclusive and sustainable development in the region.
Urban–rural disparities; Human development; Socioeconomic inequality; Sub-Saharan Africa; Infrastructure inequality; Rural poverty; Panel data analysis; Spatial inequality; Inclusive development; Institutional quality
THE “AI SATISFACTION GAP”: EXAMINING THE COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL COSTS OF PRODUCTIVITY GAINS
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are rapidly transforming knowledge work by increasing efficiency, accelerating task completion, and improving productivity. Despite these advantages, emerging evidence suggests that increased productivity does not necessarily translate into improved job satisfaction or psychological well-being. This study empirically examines the phenomenon referred to as the “AI Satisfaction Gap,” defined as the divergence between productivity gains derived from AI tools and the cognitive and emotional experiences of workers using these technologies. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 210 knowledge workers who regularly use AI productivity tools. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to examine relationships between AI use, productivity, cognitive load, and emotional well-being. The findings reveal that while AI significantly enhances perceived productivity, it also increases cognitive monitoring demands and emotional strain, contributing to moderate declines in overall job satisfaction. These results highlight the complex psychological implications of AI-augmented work environments and suggest the need for balanced AI integration strategies that consider human well-being alongside efficiency gains.
Artificial Intelligence, productivity, job satisfaction, cognitive load, emotional well-being, digital work
EFFECTS OF SIMULATION GAMES AND ROTE LEARNING STRATEGIES ON NUMERACY RETENTION AMONG LOWER BASIC PUPILS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
This study was conducted to determine the effect of simulation games and Rote Learning Instructional Strategies on Retention among Numeracy pupils in Lower Basic Schools in Plateau State, Nigeria. Two main objectives were set, two research questions, and two null hypotheses made up this study. The study used Quasi-experimental research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight thousand and thirty-six (368,036) Pupils from Plateau State in Nigeria Basic two public primary schools made up the study's population. The study used a sample of 218 pupils from three complete Lower Basic School classes. An instrument called the Numeracy Retention and Retention Test (NPRT) was employed for the study. Pilot test was carried out with thirty (30) copies of the instrument; a reliability index of 0.697 was obtained. Mean and Standard Deviations was used to analyse the research questions. At the same time, both sample-paired and independent t-test statistical tools were utilized to examine the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05 Hypotheses one and two rejected while hypothesis three was retained. The findings indicated that pupils instructed in numeracy through the Simulation-Games strategy exhibited a substantial improvement, as evident by the noteworthy difference between the pre-test and post-test scores at (p= .324). The Retentions of pupils taught numeracy using rote learning strategy is better because there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test Retention scores at (p= .271). However, both simulation games and rote learning can be used to teach numeracy as they improved Retention, than the Conventional Strategy.
THE CREDIBILITY GAP IN CLIMATE REPORTING: GOVERNANCE AS A PREDICTOR OF EMISSIONS DATA ACCURACY
The increasing adoption of climate-related disclosures has intensified concerns regarding the credibility and accuracy of reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study empirically examines the extent to which corporate governance quality predicts emissions data accuracy, thereby addressing the credibility gap in climate reporting. Using a panel dataset of 120 publicly listed firms across energy, manufacturing, and financial sectors from 2019 to 2024, the study employs fixed-effects regression analysis. Emissions accuracy is proxied by the deviation between self-reported emissions and benchmark estimates derived from industry-adjusted intensity models. The results reveal that governance quality significantly improves emissions data accuracy, with board independence and sustainability governance structures exerting strong negative effects on reporting discrepancies. The findings remain robust across alternative model specifications. The study contributes to ESG literature by shifting emphasis from disclosure quantity to disclosure credibility and provides policy-relevant insights for strengthening governance frameworks in climate reporting.
Climate reporting, ESG disclosure, governance quality, emissions accuracy, greenwashing, corporate transparency
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND WHOLE-INSTITUTION APPROACHES: A FRAMEWORK FOR MAINSTREAMING SUSTAINABILITY
Mainstreaming sustainability within educational institutions requires a systemic transformation that extends beyond curriculum reform toward a whole-institution orientation that integrates governance, operations, pedagogy, culture, and community relationships. This paper develops an evidence-based framework for embedding sustainability across school systems by combining strategic planning principles with established whole-school approaches to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Drawing on global research, competency frameworks, and implementation models, the paper conceptualises sustainability mainstreaming through eight domains: vision and leadership, curriculum and pedagogy, campus operations, staff capacity, student agency, governance and accountability, community partnerships, and monitoring and evaluation. The article also provides a staged implementation pathway and highlights the conditions necessary for institutionalisation. The proposed framework seeks to support practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in designing sustainable, equitable, and measurable ESD initiatives.
Whole-institution Approach, Whole-school Approach, Education for Sustainable Development, Strategic Planning, Sustainability Mainstreaming
HARNESSING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PROMOTING 21ST CENTURY SKILLS ACQUISITION AND UNDERGRADUATES’ PREPAREDNESS FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFELONG LEARNING IN NIGERIA.
The 21st century has brought education great opportunities hence schools need to ensure students have the expected life skills and knowledge in order to fit into the work environment upon graduation. Academic knowledge content alone is not sufficient to prepare students for the world of work. With increasing global competitiveness, undergraduates need energetic drive for skills that are challenging and inspiring to thrive in today’s world. The study examined harnessing artificial intelligence for promoting 21st century life skills acquisition and Undergraduates preparedness for sustainable lifelong learning in Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study, four purposes of the guided study, four research questions were raised and four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection titled “harnessing artificial intelligence for promoting 21st century skills acquisition and Undergraduates preparedness for sustainable lifelong learning “Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for promoting 21st Century Skills Acquisition and Undergraduates preparedness for Sustainable Lifelong Learning”. The instrument was validated by two experts and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. Population comprised of 250 (99 males and 151 females) respondents used for the study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used for data analysis using mean, standard deviation and independent t-test. Findings revealed that undergraduates’ awareness of available AI technology was moderately low. Moreover, it was observed that undergraduate’s preparedness with learning skills, exposure to literacy skills and acquisition of skills for sustainable lifelong learning were moderate. Findings further showed that males have more awareness of AI technology and preparedness in 21st century skills than females. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others, that there should be concerted effort by government and tertiary institutions management to organize awareness and training programmes on new and emerging technologies, especially AI in teaching and learning so as to keep students informed about and improved skills and knowledge in the utilization of AI technologies.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Promoting 21st Century Skills Acquisition, Undergraduates Preparedness for Sustainable Lifelong Learning.
THE INDIVISIBLE LINK: UNIFYING CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGICAL REFORMS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NIGERIA
The issue of subject overload on learners in Nigerian primary and secondary schools and the request for requisite skills to overcome the challenges of the 21st century has been the concern of many researchers and education stakeholders over the years, in response to this the Federal Government of Nigerian has just introduced the new curriculum meant to address these challenges. This paper therefore analyzes the Federal Government of Nigeria's recent curriculum reform, which aims to align the nation's education system with 21st-century skills. While the new curriculum laudably reduces subject overload and introduces a focus on digital literacy and vocational skills, this paper argues that the reform is fundamentally incomplete. Drawing on a theoretical framework that posits the indivisibility of curriculum and pedagogy, we contend that the top-down, content-focused approach fails to address deep-seated systemic and pedagogical deficits in the Nigerian education system. Using evidence from Nigeria and cautionary tales from global case studies, we demonstrate that a curriculum-only reform will not translate into improved learning outcomes. The paper concludes by proposing a comprehensive, phased framework for an integrated reform that prioritizes teacher professional development, addresses critical infrastructure gaps, and fosters a collaborative, bottom-up culture of change
Curriculum Reform, Pedagogy, Teacher Training, Educational Policy, 21st-century skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENHANCING AWARENESS OF PRODUCTION POTENTIALS AND BUILDING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN NIGERIA THROUGH COUNSELLING
The development of Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on optimizing its production potentials, yet many citizens remain unaware of the resources and opportunities available to them. This paper explores the role of counseling in enhancing awareness of these production potentials and fostering economic independence in Nigeria. Through targeted counseling interventions, individuals can be educated about local resources, entrepreneurial opportunities and sustainable business practices that align with the country’s economic goals. The study examines the impact of counseling on individuals’ ability to identify and utilize production potentials, thereby contributing to economic self-sufficiency and national development. It further suggests that by integrating counseling into economic development strategies, Nigeria can empower its citizens to harness their potentials, reduce dependency and achieve a more resilient economy.
Awareness, Production potentials, Build, Economic independence, Counselling.
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN PROMOTING SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EQUITY IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS
Social justice and equity are central aims of schooling but remain elusive in many contexts of Nigerian education. This paper examines how educational management especially school and district leadership can promote social justice and reduce discrimination, favoritism, and marginalization in Nigerian schools. Drawing on international evidence about leadership for social justice and Nigerian studies of inequity, corruption and teacher favoritism, the paper (1) defines key concepts; (2) reviews empirical and policy literature; (3) analyses leadership practices that mitigate exclusionary behaviors and structural bias; (4) highlights Nigerian-specific challenges and illustrative findings; and (5) offers practical, evidence-informed recommendations for school leaders, policy makers and supervisors. Throughout, the emphasis is on leadership actions (policy-setting, resource management, personnel practices, accountability, community engagement and professional development) that change structures, incentives and culture so that equity becomes a routine outcome rather than an occasional aspiration.
Education, Social Justice, Equity, Educational Leadership, School Management, Nigeria, Discrimination, Favoritism, Marginalization, Nepotism, Discrimination, Resource Capture, Nigerian Schools.
MORAL EDUCATION AND THE ROLE OF FAMILIES IN SHAPING VALUES FOR SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Moral education is a cornerstone for establishing the ethical foundations that underpin individual behavior, societal values, and ultimately, sustainable national development. This paper explores the critical role families play as primary agents of socialization in the instillation of moral values, arguing that the nurturing environment provided by families is essential for shaping responsible citizenship and fostering civic responsibility. Through a comprehensive review of key theoretical frameworks including Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, Gilligan’s ethics of care, and constructivist approaches the study illustrates how familial interactions serve as the initial and most influential context for value formation. By synthesizing insights from both classical and contemporary literature, the paper demonstrates that the values nurtured within the home extend well beyond personal character development; they contribute significantly to collective behaviors that underpin long-term social, economic, and environmental sustainability. In exploring the multifaceted impact of moral education, the discussion delves into how responsible ethical practices derived from strong familial foundations can promote social harmony, support economic growth, and encourage community engagement. Additionally, the paper critically examines the challenges encountered in the domain of moral education, including cultural variations, socio-economic disparities, and evolving family structures. It further proposes strategic policy interventions and educational reforms designed to bolster family-based value learning. These initiatives aim to integrate moral education more seamlessly into national development strategies, thereby ensuring that ethical citizenship remains at the forefront of societal progress.
Moral Education, Ethical Values and Role of Families.
TEXTUALITY AND IDEOLOGY IN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY: A CRITICAL STUDY OF HAYDEN WHITE’S SEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH IN “THE CONTEXT IN THE TEXT”
This study explores Hayden White’s seminal essay, “The Context in the Text: Method and Ideology in Intellectual History”, and critically evaluates its methodological propositions within contemporary intellectual historiography. The aim is to understand how White reorients historical interpretation through a semiological framework. Using theoretical and empirical tools, this research unpacks the implications of White’s thought for historical writing and intellectual inquiry. Grounded in post-structuralist and critical theory, this work draws particularly from the works of Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Paul Ricoeur, Linda Hutcheon, as well as Frank Ankersmit and Dominick LaCapra, who both engaged with and challenged White’s narrative theory of history. Key findings demonstrate White’s enduring relevance in historiographical debates. The research pivots around six core points: the shift from empiricism to semiotics in historical method, the role of language and narrative in historical discourse, ideology as an inherent component of intellectual history, the tension between objectivity and rhetorical construction, White’s reinterpretation of historical evidence as textual production, and recent scholarly debates on White’s legacy in post-truth and digital historiography. White's proposition challenges traditional empiricist assumptions and instead situates historical interpretation within the frameworks of semiology and literary analysis. By treating texts as self-contextualizing systems, White invites a deeper understanding of history as a rhetorical and ideological construction. The paper further illustrates how White’s propositions can be applied to text,literature inclusive. By so doing, the paper enriches scholarship.
Semiology. Narrativity, Textualism, Ideological Critique, Self-referentiality
ETHICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN THE FACE OF DIGITAL DIVIDE FOR SUSTAINABILITY
The ethics of higher education management in the digital age is increasingly shaped by the persistent digital divide, which threatens equity, inclusivity, and sustainability. The digital divide is not merely about access to technology but extends to inequalities in digital literacy, quality of use, and opportunities for empowerment. This paper explores the ethical implications of the digital divide in higher education, particularly in relation to sustainable development. It provides a conceptual overview of the digital divide, discusses its multiple levels, and analyzes its ethical and managerial implications. Furthermore, it examines how the digital divide influences sustainability goals, particularly access to quality education, research capacity, and global competitiveness. Finally, the paper suggests practical strategies for higher education management, including infrastructure expansion, digital literacy promotion, inclusive policy-making, ethical ICT governance, and alignment with sustainability goals. The discussion emphasizes that bridging the digital divide is not only a technological imperative but also a moral obligation for higher education leaders committed to building a just, inclusive, and sustainable future.
Higher education management, ethics, digital divide, sustainability, equity, inclusivity, ICT.
GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY EFFICIENCY AND UNEMPLOYMENT: A WEST APPROACH –NIGERIA.
This study examined the impact of Government Budgetary efficiency on Unemployment in Nigeria. The study examined three specific objectives; the aim is to establish the effect government budgetary outcome has on unemployment in the Nigerian over the period of 2000 to 2023 by applying the Error Correction Model Approach. The findings showed that if all other factors stay constant, and government budgetary efficiency increases at a rate of one unit per year, it will cause unemployment to decrease. This suggests that the influence of government budgetary efficiency has a reducing effect on unemployment and this effect is statistically significant. This implies that unguided spending of government causes unemployment in Nigeria. Also government capital has the capacity to decrease unemployment in Nigeria. while government recurrent expenditures has a significant impact on unemployment as increase in recurrent expenditure causes reduction in unemployment in Nigeria and Inflation rate has no significant influence on unemployment rate in Nigeria as shown by the none significant t-stat values and probability values. The study concludes that the level of government budgetary efficiency may have a significant effect on unemployment in Nigeria and recommends that government should formulate and monitor her fiscal policy to check the channels of increase government spending to find out why the huge spending has not transmitted into a viable economic performance in terms of price stability and growth that guarantees employment creation.
Budgetary efficiency, unemployment, capital and recurrent expenditure, economic growth Inflation.
REVAMPING VALUE EDUCATION AND DIGITAL INNOVATION IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY AND SECURITY IN NIGERIA
The paper is on revamping value education and digital innovation in language education for sustainable democracy and security. Since language is every human’s property, it can be used as a source of maintaining peace and security. Every thought or action starts with language. Language education is a system of communication employed by human being in the expression of thoughts, feelings, ideas and intensions. Insecurity, developments and good governance are all intensions that are conceived in the mind, using words in any language for instructions, direction or commands to carry out the intentions. In realization of this fact the Nigerian constitution regards security as a fundamental objective of state policy. It is also observable that the Government should adopt some measures which include political, economic, military, civil, diplomacy, dialogue and other intelligent tactic to safeguard the security of the nation. In all, language education provides the skills, information, education, debate forum, knowledge, sensitization and creativity to develop new approaches that are necessary for sustainable security and national development.
Revamping, Value education, Language Education, digital innovation, Sustainable democracy, Security
GENDER AND SUSTAINABLE PEACE-BUILDING IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
One major challenge in contemporary society has been how to achieve sustainable peace for national development. Conflict resolution and peace-building efforts have tended largely to be either gender-neutral or resort to simplistic stereotyping of women, alongside children, as victims, home makers, weak and vulnerable groups, while men are seen as foot soldiers for aggression, violence and conflict. This contrasting characterization of femininity and masculinity along the binary opposites of peace and aggression respectively tends to undermine the realization of the full potentials in the agency of both genders in peace processes and conflict resolution. A truly gendered approach to peace-building, therefore, requires a comprehensive analysis of the variety of roles which men and women play in relation to peace and conflict resolution processes. This paper, therefore, critically reexamines existing gender gaps in peace-building initiatives and processes in contemporary society. The reflective qualitative research method with content analysis of secondary data was deployed. The paper argues that sustainable peace-building requires a more gender inclusive framework in conflict resolution processes and peace initiatives.
Gender, Conflict resolution, Peace-building, National development
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN FOSTERING SUSTAINABILITY IN RIVERS STATE SCHOOLS
Sustainability in education goes beyond environmental preservation to encompass social, economic, and institutional practices that ensure long-term quality learning outcomes. In Rivers State, Nigeria, schools face challenges such as inadequate resources, poor infrastructure, climate change impacts, and socio-economic inequalities, all of which demand visionary and adaptive leadership. This opinion paper examines the role of educational leadership in fostering sustainability within Rivers State schools. It argues that effective educational leaders, principals, administrators, and policy makers, are pivotal in embedding sustainable practices into school governance, curriculum delivery, and community engagement. By promoting inclusive policies, integrating sustainability concepts into teaching, and managing resources responsibly, leaders can create resilient educational systems capable of withstanding environmental, economic, and social disruptions. The paper also emphasizes the importance of capacity building for school leaders in areas such as strategic planning, stakeholder collaboration, and sustainable innovation. Furthermore, it highlights the role of partnerships with local communities, non-governmental organizations, and private sectors in advancing sustainable education goals. The discussion concludes that fostering sustainability in schools requires not only leadership commitment but also systemic policy support and a culture of shared responsibility. By doing so, Rivers State can develop a generation of learners equipped with the knowledge, skills, and values to contribute meaningfully to a sustainable future.
Educational leadership, sustainability, school governance, Rivers State, inclusive policies
INVESTIGATING HOW GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION CAN FOSTER ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING SKILLS IN STUDENTS, PARTICULARLY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL ISSUES
Geography education plays a vital role in shaping students’ capacity to confront pressing environmental and social challenges through ethical reasoning and responsible decision-making. By examining spatial interconnections, human-environment dynamics, and sustainability concerns, geography encourages learners to reflect on the moral dimensions of real-world issues. Ethical decision-making in this context involves evaluating competing interests, anticipating long-term consequences, and considering justice, equity, and sustainability. This paper investigates how geography education can cultivate these ethical skills, particularly in addressing environmental social issues such as climate change, land degradation, waste management, urban sprawl, and resource exploitation. Drawing on insights from environmental education, geography pedagogy, and ethical theory, the study highlights how geographical inquiry fosters empathy, critical thinking, value-based judgment, and civic responsibility. Ultimately, geography emerges not only as a tool for understanding the world but also as a discipline that equips learners with the ethical competencies necessary for building sustainable futures.
eography education, ethical decision-making, environmental social issues, sustainability, environmental ethics
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF NKIRU NZEGWU AND WANGARI MAATHAI: TOWARD AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY AND DEVELOPMENT
From the 6lh century when Eurocentric philosophy commenced in the ancient city of Athens in Greece, the world has been blessed by the contributions of eminent philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Locke and Aquinas. Others arc Descartes, Bacon, Augustine, Rousseau, Dewey, Hobbes, Nietzsche, Pestallozi and so on. In Africa, we have had fantastic contributions from elites like Nnamdi Azikiwe, Ahmadu Bello and Obafemi Awolowo of Nigeria, Milton Obote of Uganda, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania. Recently, we have had people like of Mary Field Belanky, Jane Rowland Martin, Carol Gilligan, Nel Noddings and Kieran Egan making their inputs globally. Their works were very philosophical, rich in content and demonstrated life realities, contributing to knowledge in the process. Also, to a great extent, they provided some kind of solutions to intellectual, social, economic, ethical and health problems nationally, continentally and universally. It is obvious however that most of the mentioned philosophers were not Africans neither were the African female philosophers represented despite the successes recorded, hence the need for a study of this magnitude. Philosophy in Africa has continued to evolve despite myriads of problems in the continent which must not be left alone to the African male philosophers or people from other climes to handle. Likewise, it is important to recognize the contributions of African female philosophers especially in recent years toward African development. This study thus, discusses the seemingly unrecognized roles of African female philosophers such as Nkiru Nzegwu and Wangari Maathai, their philosophies and relevance to philosophy and development in general.
Philosophy, African Female Philosophers Nkiru Nzegwu and Wangari Maathai and African Development.
IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON THE TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF MONETARY POLICY
This study explores how disparities in income influence the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission in Nigeria. Monetary policy is a central instrument in stabilizing the economy, implemented via channels such as interest rates, credit access, exchange rates, and asset prices. However, growing income inequality has raised concerns about whether these transmission mechanisms operate uniformly across different income groups. Utilizing data from 2010 to 2025, the study investigates how income disparity affects the channels through which monetary policy is transmitted. The findings reveal that income inequality can significantly mute the effectiveness of these mechanisms, particularly the credit and interest rate channels, as poorer households are more credit-constrained. The study recommends inclusive financial systems, targeted credit policies, and income redistribution strategies to enhance monetary policy efficiency and foster equitable economic development.
Income inequality, monetary policy, transmission mechanism, interest rate channel, credit constraint.