INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES
The International Journal of Humanities, Economic Development and Contemporary Studies is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes interdisciplinary research on global issues in the humanities, economics, and modern societal trends. It aims to foster critical dialogue and innovation across academic and professional fields.
Institute of Education, Management and Professional Studies
EFFECT OF STANDARDIZED AND IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ECONOMICS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the effect of standardized and improvised instructional materials on senior secondary school students' academic achievement in Economics in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the effect of standardized and improvised instructional materials on students' achievement in Economics and examined whether gender influenced students' achievement when taught using these instructional materials. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design involving experimental and control groups was adopted. The population comprised Senior Secondary School II (SS II) Economics students, while a sample of 140 students participated in the study, with 73 students in the experimental group and 67 in the control group. Data were collected using an Economics Achievement Test (EAT), which was validated by experts, and its reliability was established before administration. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that students taught Economics using standardized and improvised instructional materials achieved significantly higher than those taught using the conventional method, with the experimental group recording a mean gain score of 23.13 compared with 6.76 for the control group. ANCOVA further indicated a statistically significant difference in the achievement scores of the two groups (F = 12.025, p = .007). The study also found that although both male and female students benefited from the instructional materials, there was no significant difference in their achievement based on gender (F = 2.118, p = .215). The study concluded that the use of standardized and improvised instructional materials enhances students' academic achievement in Economics irrespective of gender. It was therefore recommended that Economics teachers should integrate standardized and improvised instructional materials into classroom instruction and that regular training should be provided to equip teachers with the skills required for their effective development and utilization.
Standardized and Improvised Instructional Materials, Students’ Academic Achievement, Economics and Gender
Copyright (c) 2026 INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
This study is geared towards the examination of the effect of institutional framework on sustainable development in Nigeria with the focus on public policy implementation, institutional capacity and regulatory quality. The study is anchored on Institutional Theory, Good Governance Theory and Systems Theory to explain how governance structures influence sustainability outcomes in the economic, social and environmental dimensions. The paper adopts a conceptual and empirical review approach to synthesize evidence from the academic literature, policy documents, government reports and recent empirical studies on governance and development in Nigeria. The results indicate that the problems of development of the country are not mainly caused by the lack of institutions but rather by weak implementation mechanisms, poor institutional capacity and poor enforcement of regulations. Poor policy implementation, lack of technical and financial resources, corruption, overlapping institutional mandates and weak accountability systems continue to hinder progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study also finds that these institutional dimensions are interlinked to each other, creating a positive feedback loop in which deficiencies in one aspect negatively impact the other aspects and hinder sustainable development. The paper argues that there is a need to improve the effectiveness of institutions through better policy execution, increased capacity building, more robust regulatory systems, transparency, accountability and collaborative governance reforms so as to enable sustainable development in Nigeria. Thus, sustained institutional reforms and political commitment are critical to improving development outcomes and accelerating progress towards the SDGs.
Institutional Framework, Sustainable Development, Public Policy Implementation, Institutional Capacity, Regulatory Quality, Nigeria
CHALLENGES TO EFFECTIVE ICT IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIAN CORRECTIONAL CENTRES: IMPLICATIONS FOR RECORD MANAGEMENT AND INMATE TRACKING
This study examined the challenges associated with the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and their implications for record management and inmate tracking in Kuje Medium Security Custodial Centre, Abuja. The study was guided by two objectives, two research questions, and two null hypotheses. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) provided the theoretical basis for the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 360 correctional personnel, while a sample of 100 respondents was selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument titled Challenges of ICT Implementation, Record Management and Inmate Tracking Questionnaire (CIIRMITQ). The instrument was validated by experts, and a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviations to answer the research questions, while simple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that inadequate ICT infrastructure, limited staff training, weak institutional support, and poor system maintenance significantly affected record management and inmate tracking in the custodial centre. The regression results showed that ICT implementation challenges accounted for 60.8% of the variation in record management effectiveness (R² = 0.608) and 56.2% of the variation in inmate tracking and security operations (R² = 0.562). The study concluded that the effectiveness of record management and inmate tracking depends largely on the availability and proper utilization of ICT facilities. The study recommended improved ICT infrastructure, regular staff training, strengthened institutional support, and enhanced use of digital technologies for inmate monitoring and records administration in correctional centres.
Information and Communication Technology, record management, inmate tracking, correctional administration, custodial centre.
ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF SAND MINING IN JOS METROPOLIS WITH SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
Sand mining has become one of the most significant anthropogenic activities affecting urban and peri-urban environments in developing countries. In Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria, the increasing demand for construction materials due to urban expansion has intensified sand mining activities across river valleys, floodplains, and abandoned mining ponds. This study examined the ecological impacts of sand mining in Jos Metropolis and proposed sustainable practices for environmental management. The objectives were to assess the environmental effects of sand mining on land, water, and vegetation; evaluate the socio-economic implications of the activity; and recommend sustainable management strategies. The study adopted an empirical survey design involving field observation, questionnaire administration, interviews, and environmental assessment. Data were collected from 150 respondents comprising miners, residents, environmental officers, and community leaders across major sand mining sites in Jos North, Jos South, and Jos East. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used for data interpretation. Findings revealed that sand mining has contributed significantly to land degradation, soil erosion, loss of vegetation, destruction of aquatic habitats, dust pollution, and alteration of drainage systems within the metropolis. The study further revealed that while sand mining provides employment and income for local residents, the environmental costs outweigh the short-term economic benefits. Unsustainable excavation methods and weak regulatory enforcement were identified as major drivers of ecological degradation. The study recommends strict enforcement of environmental regulations, reclamation of mined sites, adoption of environmentally friendly mining techniques, community participation in environmental monitoring, and the integration of sustainable urban planning policies. The study concludes that sustainable sand mining practices are essential for balancing economic development with ecological conservation in Jos Metropolis.
Socio-ecological resilience, Environmental Justice, Political ecology, Environmental governance and Urban sustainability
THE EFFECT OF DECOLONISATION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE IN BAYELSA STATE
Decolonisation of medical knowledge in Bayelsa State refers to the process of recovering, valuing, and integrating indigenous (traditional) healing systems of Nembe, Ijo, Epia–Atisa, and Ogbia, which were marginalised during colonial rule when Western biomedicine was imposed as the dominant form of healthcare. Its effects are both positive and complex, shaping healthcare, culture, and knowledge systems in the following: revival of Indigenous medical practices, integration with modern healthcare, improved accessibility and affordability, cultural identity and knowledge preservation, empowerment of local practitioners, challenges and risks, shift in health perspective (holistic view), and research and innovation opportunities. This paper critically analyses those effects on culture (cultural revivalism), knowledge system and healthcare and the efficient integration of the traditional healing system of Nembe, Ijo, Epia – Atisa and Ogbia to allopathic (modern) healthcare requires careful regulation, documentation, and scientific validation to ensure safety and sustainability of the Bayelsa State health system. The key suggestion is, Bayelsa State government and the Ministry of Health should establish a policy enabling referrals between biomedical and traditional practitioners, recognize traditional healers through issues that involve spiritual and bone fractures and dislocations that are to be amputated, where Nembe, Ijo, Epia–Atisa, and Ogbia’s traditional healers have a competitive and comparative advantage.
Decolonization, Medical Knowledge, Cultural Revivalism, Western Biomedicine, Bayelsa State.
THE INFLUENCE OF 10% IGR OF STATE PAYABLE TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOINT ACCOUNT ALLOCATION COMMITTEE IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
The objective of the study is to assess the influence of 10% IGR of State payable to LGAs on Local Government Performance: The Mediating role of Joint Account Allocation Committee in North-East Nigeria. The survey design, one of the designs of quantitative approach was utilised in this study. Hypothetically, there is no significant relationship between 10% State IGR and local government performance in north-eastern Nigeria. This study utilized primary source of data. A structured questionnaire was administered. The sample size 489 was chosen and determined by A-Priori Sample Size Calculator for Structural Equation Model. The study was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science and Partial Least Square for Structural Equation Model (SPSS and PLS-SEM). The study discovered that there is a significant relationship between 10% state IGR and local government performance in the north east geopolitical zone. The study concludes that 10% State IGR has not impacted positively on local government performance in the north east, Nigeria. The study recommends that state government should establish automated, transparent mechanisms for the 10% IGR remittance to LGAs to minimize political interference and ensure consistent capital project funding.
IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
This study investigated the impact of educational management efficiency on economic development in Nigeria. The study was guided by Human Capital Theory and Systems Theory. Three specific objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated for the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised teachers and administrators in public secondary schools across Nigeria. A sample of 400 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Simple Linear Regression were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the extent of efficiency in the management of human, material and financial resources in Nigerian educational institutions is low. The study also found a significant positive relationship between educational management efficiency and quality of educational outcomes. Furthermore, educational management efficiency had a significant influence on labor productivity and economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that efficient management of education is critical for improving learning outcomes and enhancing education’s contribution to national economic development. It was recommended that government should strengthen resource management, build capacity of school managers, increase funding, align education with labor market needs, and institute effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH
This paper investigates how sustainable business strategies can contribute to inclusive economic development in the developing economies with an emphasis on how it should be guided by policy. Sustainable business practices that incorporate economic, social, and environmental goals are becoming a widely accepted key to business success in the short term, and long-term social welfare of the society. These strategies in developing economies facilitate the creation of job opportunities, economic growth in the host communities, and minimization of social inequalities, as well as environmental stewardship. Nevertheless, government policies that provide incentives to adopt sustainable practices, ensure social inclusion as well as access to resources and capital have a great influence on the adoption of such practices. This paper explores the mutual reliance of sustainability of business strategies, policy interventions, and inclusive growth, with the key importance of the role of public-private partnerships, green incentives, and inclusive business models being outlined. The research also addresses the constraints that the businesses experience, which include inaccessibility to finance and poor institutional structures and proposes policy solutions to enhance the support of sustainable and inclusive business. Finally, the paper points out that a synergetic strategy, in which businesses and governments can gear their efforts, can push the developing economies towards a sustainable, fair and successful future.
Sustainable Business Strategies, Developing Economies, Policy Implications, Inclusive Growth
BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: EQUITY AND ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED LEARNING IN RURAL COMMUNITIES
This study examined equity and access to technology-enhanced learning in rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised all teachers and students in public secondary schools in rural areas of Rivers State. A sample of 400 respondents was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled "Equity and Access to Technology-Enhanced Learning Questionnaire" and interview schedule. The instrument was validated by experts and had a reliability coefficient of 0.82 using Cronbach Alpha. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Simple Linear Regression were used to answer research questions and test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the extent of access to digital infrastructure, devices and internet connectivity in rural schools is low. The study also found that digital competence among teachers and learners significantly influences the effective use of technology-enhanced learning. It was concluded that inadequate infrastructure and limited digital competence are major barriers to equity in technology-enhanced learning in rural communities. The study recommended provision of ICT facilities, alternative power supply, regular teacher training, and stakeholder collaboration to bridge the digital divide.
Equity, Access, Technology-Enhanced Learning, Digital Infrastructure, Rural Communities
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NGO INTERVENTION OUTCOMES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
This study investigated the impact of NGO intervention outcomes on sustainable development in Nigeria. The research work is a position paper that relied on secondary data from journal articles, textbooks, industry reports, and national surveys. The independent variable is NGO intervention and its indicators are education, healthcare outreach, poverty alleviation and capacity building. The dependent variable is in three measures of sustainable development; encompassing economic development as represented by poverty reduction and employment; social development measured by health and literacy and environmental development reflected by resource conservation, ecosystem health, or climate resilience, thereby aligning with the Brundt land three‑pillar framework. Government failure serves as a time‑dependent moderator. The study integrates Sustainable Development Theory and Government Failure Theory to explain the relationship that exists between the variables. Findings from empirical and conceptual review revealed that education and capacity‑building interventions produce stronger long‑term outcomes than poverty alleviation programmes. Government failure moderates the relationship temporally in the short term, high government failure amplifies NGO impact by filling service gaps, whereas in the long term, it undermines sustainability due to the fact that state systems may not be strong enough to protect and sustain gains made by the NGOs. The study concludes that Nigerian NGOs should prioritise capacity‑building and education, invest in governance and monitoring, and adopt either community‑ownership or state‑backed strategic projects. Donors are encouraged to extend funding cycles for the long‑run and demand sustainability plans from NGOs, while policymakers should improve budget transparency and partner with NGOs to deliver sustainable projects. Consequently, the connection between appropriate NGO interventions and adaptive government responses to socio-economic deficit is critical for sustainable development in Nigeria. Sustainable development additionally requires that NGO interventions include environmental safeguards such as, climate‑smart practices and waste reduction to protect economic and social gains.
NGO Interventions, Sustainable Development, Government Failure, PIND Foundation, ActionAid Nigeria
AN EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AI-BASED ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STEAM EDUCATION IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RIVERS STATE
The study examined the influence of AI-based assessment tools for effective implementation of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) education in private secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study was conducted across private secondary schools in Rivers State, which includes diverse educational zones and both urban and rural learning environments. The population consisted of 3,280 STEAM subject teachers and 7,220 Senior Secondary School II (SS II) students offering STEAM subjects. Simple random sampling was used to select schools from the local government areas, while stratified sampling was used to select respondents within the chosen schools. A total of 192 respondents comprising 62 teachers and 130 students participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Examination of AI-Based Assessment Tools for Effective Implementation of STEAM Education (EABATEISTEAME). Validation was conducted by experts in Educational Technology and Measurement and Evaluation, while reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha produced a coefficient of 0.86, indicating good internal consistency. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions, while independent samples t-test tested hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. Conclusively, AI-based assessment tools contribute significantly to improving feedback, evaluation efficiency, and interdisciplinary learning within STEAM education in private secondary schools, Rivers State. It was recommended that educational authorities should encourage the adoption and training of teachers in the use of AI-based assessment tools to strengthen the effective implementation of STEAM education in private secondary schools.
HIDDEN CURRICULUM AND SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL LEARNING (SEL) IN DIVERSE CLASSROOMS
This study investigated the relationship between hidden curriculum and socio-emotional learning in secondary schools in Imo state, A correlational research design was used and 486 school staff were sampled through stratified random sampling across urban and rural public and private secondary schools in Imo state. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire titled Hidden Curriculum and Socio-Emotional Learning Questionaire, (HCASELQ) and the data retrieved were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed a very strong and significant relationship between hidden curriculum and socio-emotional learning. The study concluded that hidden curriculum is critical in strengthening socio-emotional learning in secondary schools in Imo state. It recommends strengthening communication systems, institutionalizing negotiation training, promoting participatory decision-making.
Hidden Curriculum, Socio-Emotional Learning (SEL), Public Schools, Private Schools
Copyright (c) 2026 INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SOCIAL COST AND HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN STATE-OWNED UNIVERSITIES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Higher education plays an important role in economic growth, technological development, and social transformation in today’s global knowledge economy. This study examined the relationship between social cost and human capital development in state-owned universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. However, despite substantial government investment in salaries, research funding, infrastructure, and staff training, concerns remain about whether these expenditures translate into effective human capital development and institutional efficiency. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and relied on secondary institutional data drawn from selected state-owned universities in Ogun State covering ten years (2015–2024). A panel dataset was developed using a purposive and census approach, focusing on available records of research funding, staff salaries, infrastructure, training, and graduate output. Data were collected using a structured extraction template. The instrument was validated by an expert in Educational Management using face and content validity to ensure its suitability and alignment with the study purpose. Reliability was established through a pilot test, and Cronbach’s Alpha yielded a coefficient of 0.90, indicating high internal consistency. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC), with the hypothesis tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a very strong positive and significant relationship between research funding and internal efficiency of human capital development (r = 0.904, p < 0.05). The result showed that increased investment in research funding enhances graduate turnout and institutional efficiency, although efficiency tends to fluctuate at higher funding levels, suggesting the influence of other qualitative factors. The study concludes that social cost, particularly research funding, and has a strong and significant influence on human capital development in state-owned universities in Ogun State. The study recommended that the government should increase and sustain funding for research activities in state-owned universities to strengthen human capital development.
Social Cost; Human Capital Development; Research Funding; Institutional Efficiency; Higher Education.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG EMPLOYEES IN NIGERIAN BANKS
This study examined the influence of organizational culture on knowledge sharing among employees in selected Nigerian banks, focusing on United Bank for Africa and Fidelity Bank in Anambra and Enugu States. A descriptive survey design was employed with a sample of 180 respondents. Organizational culture was measured using trust culture, communication openness, leadership support, reward system, and teamwork orientation, while knowledge sharing was treated as a composite index. Descriptive results showed mean scores of 3.74 for trust culture, 3.68 for communication openness, 3.71 for leadership support, 3.55 for reward system, 3.80 for teamwork orientation, and 3.62 for knowledge sharing. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated significant positive relationships between culture dimensions and knowledge sharing, ranging from r = 0.497 to r = 0.573 at p < 0.05. Multiple regression analysis revealed that organizational culture significantly predicts knowledge sharing with R = 0.742 and R square = 0.551, implying that 55.1 percent of the variation in knowledge sharing is explained by the model, F(5,174) = 43.812, p < 0.05. Teamwork orientation (Beta = 0.301) and communication openness (Beta = 0.279) emerged as the strongest predictors, while reward system had the least effect (Beta = 0.187). The study concludes that strengthening collaborative and open cultural practices is essential for enhancing knowledge sharing in Nigerian banks.
Organizational Culture, Knowledge Sharing, Trust Culture, Communication Openness, Teamwork Orientation
BEYOND THE BANKING MODEL: STUDENT-LED INNOVATION AS LIBERATORY PRACTICE IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
Higher education in Nigeria, like much of the Global South, remains constrained by what Freire termed the "banking model" of education. It is a passive system where knowledge is passively deposited rather than co-created. This paper argues that student-led innovation hubs in Nigerian universities represent a form of liberatory practice which challenges the oppressive pedagogical paradigm and drives institutional transformation. Drawing on Freire’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”, it analyses how these hubs, from maker spaces to tech incubators, embody critical pedagogy in action, fostering conscientization (critical consciousness), praxis (reflection and action), as well as dialogic learning. Through case studies of hubs at the University of Lagos and Ahmadu Bello University, it demonstrates how students subvert bureaucratic constraints through peer-to-peer skill-sharing, reclaim curricular agency by prototyping solutions to local problems, as well as negotiate power with university administrations. Findings show that these hubs are not merely extracurricular additions but rather sites of positive resistance, and spaces where students enact Freire’s vision of education as "the practice of freedom." However, tensions persist, as neoliberal university policies often co-opt student innovation for market-driven ends instead of social transformation. The paper concludes by advocating for institutional alliances between hubs and faculty to systematically dismantle the banking model. By centering student voices, this paper contributes to debates on decolonial education not only in Nigeria but in Africa and offers a template for reimagining universities as democratic, student-driven ecosystems.
Banking Model, Liberatory Education, Critical Pedagogy, Decolonial Learning, Innovation Hubs, Institutional Change
POLICY STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
The issue of climate change has been a serious developmental concern especially to the developing nations where the need to grow economically has been in conflict with the need to sustain the environment. This paper explores the ways in which mitigation of climate change can be incorporated in the national development planning in an effort to promote sustainability in terms of Nigeria. Based on the Sustainable Development Theory, the Ecological Modernisation Theory, and Systems Theory, the study designs the conceptualisation of mitigation strategies, such as the implementation of renewable energy, increased energy efficiency, policy tools, such as regulatory and market-based instruments, technological innovation, and institutional governance, as the implication of mitigation strategies on the sustainability outcomes, measured in environmental, economic, social, and energy aspects. The research design adopted in the study is qualitative research design and is purely descriptive research design as it uses secondary sources of data only, which includes peer reviewed academic sources, institutional reports of various countries, national policy documents and sustainability indicator datasets. In systematic document analysis and thematic synthesis, empirical evidence was considered and combined with the purpose of evaluating the connection between mitigation measures and sustainability achievement in the context of national development. The results show that when the policies of climate mitigation are strategically managed together with the development planning, the environmental quality, the energy security, the economy diversification, and the societal resilience was enhanced. Nevertheless, as seen in evidence of Nigeria, a wide range of persistence, such as disjointed policy and institutional mechanisms, mobilisation of climate finances, and mainstreaming of mitigation goals into wider development priorities are present. The researchers conclude that climate mitigation and sustainability results are mutually supportive when done through integrated policy frameworks that are coherent. It suggests enhancing institutional coordination, raising the consistency of policies, and increasing the investment in low-carbon development pathways in favor of the transition of Nigeria to sustainable national development. The research has an addition to the literature because it empirically synthesizes the mitigation-sustainability nexus in a developing nation setting.
Climate Change, Mitigation, Policy, Strategies and Sustainability.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN NEMBE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAYELSA STATE
Knowledge and practice of school health services among primary school teachers in Nembe Local Government Area of Bayelsa State was investigated. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample size of 104 primary school teachers was used for the study. Six research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. Research questions were analyzed using frequencies and mean statistical tools while hypotheses were tested using t-test and ANOVA in SPSS version 26. An instrument (Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of School Health Services - AKPSHS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Findings revealed that while teachers generally have a high level of awareness about school health services, their actual practice remains suboptimal due to some challenges. Findings also revealed that educational attainment significantly influences both the knowledge and practice of school health services. From the findings, it is recommended that there should be targeted training programs, policy interventions, and increased government support to enhance the implementation of school health services.
School Health Services, Education Attainment, Knowledge, Practice.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies influencing governance, education, and socio-economic development in the twenty-first century. Governments around the world are increasingly adopting Artificial Intelligence technologies to improve public administration, enhance policy-making processes, and promote citizen engagement. In Nigeria, the integration of Artificial Intelligence into governance structures presents significant opportunities for improving democratic governance, enhancing educational systems, and accelerating national development. This paper examines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and democratic governance and explores its implications for education and national development in Nigeria. Anchored on theories of digital governance and democratic participation, the study highlights how AI-driven technologies can enhance transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in governance. The paper also discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence in transforming educational systems through personalized learning, learning analytics, and intelligent tutoring systems. However, challenges such as inadequate technological infrastructure, digital inequality, and lack of regulatory frameworks may hinder the effective integration of Artificial Intelligence in governance and education. The study concludes that strategic investments in Artificial Intelligence, policy reforms, and capacity building are necessary to harness the full potential of AI for democratic governance, educational transformation, and national development in Nigeria.
Artificial Intelligence, Democratic Governance, Education, Digital Governance, National Development
CREATING A SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR HEALTHY AGEING IN BAYELSA STATE
Functional ability is the composition of intrinsic capacity of the individual (older adult), relevant environmental characteristics and the interaction between them, while the intrinsic capacity is the mental and physical capacity of a person which involve the ability to walk, think, see, hear and remember. These capacities are influenced by the presence of disease, injuries, and age – related changes. And the influential factor is prevented by establishing an age – friendly communities and environment which are Physical Activity, Social Connection and Inclusion, Safety and Accessible Health, Supportive Services, Supportive Mental Well-being and Mitigation of Environmental Risk. This paper critically review the supportive environment and added that blood group O is friendly for strenuous exercise while group, A, B and AB is for less strenuous one. The religion/ church is the way out for everyone to be taken away from loneliness and isolation. Government should have it as a policy to install grab bars in the bathrooms, proper lighting to reduce falls and injuries and also prevent air pollution, noise and extreme heat to foster healthy ageing. Key recommendations include Blood group A, B, AB should embark mild exercise to attain a state of well - being while group O is good for the strenuous one and Government should provide policies that prevent air pollution, noise and extreme heat to curb age – related diseases.
Functional Ability, Supportive Environment, Intrinsic Capacity, Healthy Ageing, Bayelsa State.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journals INT’L JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STUDIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PETRO PIRACY AND ORGANISED CRIME IN AFRICA: THE LINKAGES
The paper examined the relationship between petro-piracy and organized crime in West Africa. The subject matter has evolved into an enterprise which mirrors underlying economic principles of business operations. The involvement of organised crime groups in primordial resource appropriation has altered dramatically the region’s energy landscape, accelerating a transition from an economy of greed to an economy of crime, underpinned by organised socio-economic structures which exploit the fragility of a manifestly troubled West Africa. Anchored on qualitative methodology, the paper relied on secondary sources of data collection. The paper found out that the historical background of maritime piracy on the Atlantic coast of West Africa can be traced to the wider context of globalization of commerce and criminality. The paper also revealed that the menace of crude oil theft in particular has developed into a well-organised business with the involvement of organised crime groups as several states and non-state actors converge on the corridor to exploit its vulnerabilities through unregulated resource appropriation, creating an economy of racket and a crude enterprise. The paper recommended, amongst others that government in the region should form a formidable intergovernmental organization that will control activities offshore.
TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN FAMILY HEALTH CARE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES AND SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL OF IMO STATE
This study investigated technological integration in family health care and its implications for health outcomes and sustainable national development in Imo State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and was guided by three specific purposes, three research questions, and three hypotheses. The accessible population comprised 7,890 adult family members and health care providers in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, while a sample of 253 respondents, consisting of 159 adult family members and 94 health care providers, was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Technological Integration in Family Health Care and Sustainable National Development Questionnaire (TIFCSNDQ), which was validated by experts and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.72 using Cronbach’s alpha. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while independent samples t-test was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that digital health tools significantly improve family health outcomes through better access to health information, health monitoring, timely care, treatment adherence, and parental decision-making. The study also found that technology-based health services contribute positively to sustainable national development by improving health standards, reducing mortality, increasing productivity, promoting economic growth, and reducing pressure on public health institutions. However, barriers such as poor internet access, irregular electricity supply, low digital literacy, lack of trust in digital platforms, and inadequate technical support hinder effective utilization. No significant difference existed between the mean ratings of health care providers and adult family members on all variables studied. The study concluded that technological integration in family health care is vital for improving health outcomes and advancing sustainable national development in Imo State. It recommended improved digital infrastructure, wider adoption of digital health services, and regular digital literacy and sensitization programmes.
Technological Integration, Family Health care, Digital Health, Health Outcomes, Sustainable National Development.
EXTERNAL GEOPOLITICAL SHOCKS AND DOMESTIC FRAGILITY: THE SECURITY AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF US–ISRAEL–IRAN MILITARY TENSIONS FOR NIGERIA
This paper examines the economic and security implications of US–Israel–Iran escalations for Nigeria, highlighting how distant conflicts generate external shocks that affect vulnerable peripheral states. Anchored on Great Power Competition Theory the study explains how rivalries among major powers transmit economic and security risks across regions. Using thematic analysis and content analysis of policy documents, the study identifies key transmission mechanisms through which Middle Eastern tensions affect Nigeria. Findings reveal that volatility in global oil markets constitutes the primary economic pathway, influencing government revenue, forex stability, inflation, and fiscal planning due to Nigeria’s reliance on crude exports. Additionally, disruptions to maritime routes like the Strait of Hormuz increase shipping costs and global trade uncertainty, indirectly affecting Nigeria’s economy. From a security perspective, the study identifies spillover effects including terrorism financing networks, arms proliferation, maritime insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea, and emerging cyber threats. The paper also reveals policy and institutional gaps in Nigeria’s economic and security frameworks, particularly the limited integration of geopolitical risk assessment into national planning. The study recommends economic diversification, strengthened intelligence coordination, enhanced maritime and border security, and establishment of geopolitical risk assessment mechanisms to improve Nigeria’s resilience to external geopolitical shocks.
Cybersecurity, Geopolitical Shocks, Great Power Competition, Maritime Security, Oil Market Volatility
STAFF-STUDENTS COLLABORATIONS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR AND TEACHERS'EFFICACY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
This investigated staff-students collaborations of School Administrator and Teachers’ Efficacy in Public Secondary Schools in South East, Nigeria. Two research question and two null hypotheses provided direction for the study. The study adopted a Correlational Research Design. The population of the study comprised all the 18,758 teachers in the 1244 public secondary schools in 24 Education Zones in South-East, Nigeria. A sample of 960 teachers in 79 public secondary schools in South East Nigeria was used for the study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used draw the sample. The instrument for data collection were two questionnaires, Staff-Students Collaborations of School Administrator Questionnaires (SSCSAQ) and Teachers Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (TSEQ) constructed by the researcher. Five experts in the area of Educational Management and Educational Measurement and Evaluation validated the instruments. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the test-retest reliability method and it yielded an overall reliability indices of 0.82 and 0.61. Pearson coefficient of determinationwas used to analysis the research question while Linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance . The result of the analysis revealed that there exists a moderate positive relationship between school administrator determination of staff task and assigned staff task as it relates to teachers self-efficacy. Based on the findings, the study recommended among other things that use of effective staff-students collaborations should be encouraged by secondary School administrators so as to enable teachers develop professionally through learning from one another. The study further recommended that school administrators should align with Government to provide orientation programmes in the instructional supervisory techniques in order to enhance teachers efficacy.
School Administration, Staff-Students Collaborations, School Administator, Teachers Efficacy
QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICES AND SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined quality assurance practices and senior secondary school effectiveness in Lagos State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for this study consisted of 327 school principals, 654 Vice principals, 8510 teachers in public senior secondary schools in all the six Lagos State education districts, as well as 180 staff of quality assurance, Lagos State. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 120 principals and 240 vice principals while simple random sampling technique was used to choose 1200 teachers and 60 staffs of quality assurance department in Lagos State. In total, 1560 respondents participated in this study. The instruments used in collecting data were Secondary School Quality Assurance Practices Questionnaire (SSQAPQ) (r = 0.73) and Senior Secondary School Effectiveness Questionnaire (SSSEQ) (r = 0.840). Findings of the study revealed that quality assurance practices significantly influence senior secondary school effectiveness (r = .081, ρ < 0.05). It was therefore concluded that the relationship between quality assurance practices and senior school effectiveness was significant. On the basis of the findings, recommendations were made among others that quality assurance practices should be reviewed and revised to ensure that they are effective in bringing about better school effectiveness.
Quality Assurance, Quality Assurance Practices, Public Senior Secondary School Effectiveness.
ASSIGNED STAFF TASK SUPERVISORY STRATEGY OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AS CORRELATE OF TEACHERS EFFICACY IN SECONDARY IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA
This study explored Assigned Staff Task Supervisory Strategy of School Administrator as a Correlate of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in Public Secondary Schools in South East, Nigeria. Two research question and two null hypotheses provided direction for the study. The study adopted a Correlational Research Design. The population of the study comprised all the 18,758 teachers in the 1244 public secondary schools in 24 Education Zones in South-East, Nigeria. A sample of 960 teachers in 79 public secondary schools in South East Nigeria was used for the study. Multi-stage sampling technique was use to draw the sample. The instrument for data collection were two questionnaires, Assigned Staff Task of School Administrator Questionnaires (ASTSAQ) and Teachers Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (TSEQ) constructed by the researcher. Five experts in the area of Educational Management and Educational Measurement and Evaluation validated the instruments. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the test-retest reliability method and it yielded an overall reliability indices of 0.82 and 0.61. Pearson’s r, R2 (coefficient of determination) was used to analyses the research question while Linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that there exists a moderate positive relationship between school administrator determination of staff task and assigned staff task as it relates to teachers self-efficacy. Based on the findings the study recommended among other things that, In order to have effective resource inputs, curriculum delivery and Students’ learning outcome require effective task determination by school administrator. Also in order to have institutional governance there must be effective collaboration and goal-oriented synergetic interrelationship between the school and the relevant stakeholders in its environment.
School Administration, Assigned Staff Task, Supervisory Strategy, Teachers Efficacy
URBAN–RURAL DISPARITIES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Urban–rural disparities remain a defining feature of human development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite sustained economic growth and policy interventions over the past two decades. This study provides a comparative and multidimensional analysis of socioeconomic inequalities across selected SSA countries using panel data spanning 2005–2023. Drawing on indicators of income, education, health, infrastructure, and institutional quality, the study employs descriptive statistics, t-tests, and fixed effects regression models to examine both the extent and drivers of spatial disparities in human development. The findings reveal a persistent and statistically significant gap between urban and rural areas across all major development indicators. Urban populations consistently outperform rural populations in Human Development Index (HDI), income levels, literacy rates, life expectancy, and access to basic infrastructure. Regression results indicate that education, health, and infrastructure are the most significant positive determinants of human development, while poverty exerts a strong negative influence. Notably, infrastructure inequality emerges as the most critical driver of the urban–rural development gap, while improved institutional quality is associated with a reduction in disparities. The analysis further demonstrates that these inequalities are structurally embedded and reinforced by uneven distribution of public resources, limited rural investment, and governance constraints. The persistence of rural poverty and limited access to essential services creates a self-reinforcing cycle of deprivation, hindering inclusive development. Importantly, the study finds that economic growth alone has not translated into equitable human development outcomes, highlighting the limitations of growth-centric development models. This study concludes that bridging the urban–rural divide in SSA requires a coordinated policy approach centered on rural infrastructure development, human capital investment, poverty reduction, and institutional strengthening. By integrating theoretical perspectives with empirical evidence, this research contributes to the broader discourse on spatial inequality and offers actionable insights for achieving inclusive and sustainable development in the region.
Urban–rural disparities; Human development; Socioeconomic inequality; Sub-Saharan Africa; Infrastructure inequality; Rural poverty; Panel data analysis; Spatial inequality; Inclusive development; Institutional quality
THE “AI SATISFACTION GAP”: EXAMINING THE COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL COSTS OF PRODUCTIVITY GAINS
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are rapidly transforming knowledge work by increasing efficiency, accelerating task completion, and improving productivity. Despite these advantages, emerging evidence suggests that increased productivity does not necessarily translate into improved job satisfaction or psychological well-being. This study empirically examines the phenomenon referred to as the “AI Satisfaction Gap,” defined as the divergence between productivity gains derived from AI tools and the cognitive and emotional experiences of workers using these technologies. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 210 knowledge workers who regularly use AI productivity tools. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to examine relationships between AI use, productivity, cognitive load, and emotional well-being. The findings reveal that while AI significantly enhances perceived productivity, it also increases cognitive monitoring demands and emotional strain, contributing to moderate declines in overall job satisfaction. These results highlight the complex psychological implications of AI-augmented work environments and suggest the need for balanced AI integration strategies that consider human well-being alongside efficiency gains.
Artificial Intelligence, productivity, job satisfaction, cognitive load, emotional well-being, digital work
EFFECTS OF SIMULATION GAMES AND ROTE LEARNING STRATEGIES ON NUMERACY RETENTION AMONG LOWER BASIC PUPILS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
This study was conducted to determine the effect of simulation games and Rote Learning Instructional Strategies on Retention among Numeracy pupils in Lower Basic Schools in Plateau State, Nigeria. Two main objectives were set, two research questions, and two null hypotheses made up this study. The study used Quasi-experimental research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight thousand and thirty-six (368,036) Pupils from Plateau State in Nigeria Basic two public primary schools made up the study's population. The study used a sample of 218 pupils from three complete Lower Basic School classes. An instrument called the Numeracy Retention and Retention Test (NPRT) was employed for the study. Pilot test was carried out with thirty (30) copies of the instrument; a reliability index of 0.697 was obtained. Mean and Standard Deviations was used to analyse the research questions. At the same time, both sample-paired and independent t-test statistical tools were utilized to examine the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05 Hypotheses one and two rejected while hypothesis three was retained. The findings indicated that pupils instructed in numeracy through the Simulation-Games strategy exhibited a substantial improvement, as evident by the noteworthy difference between the pre-test and post-test scores at (p= .324). The Retentions of pupils taught numeracy using rote learning strategy is better because there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test Retention scores at (p= .271). However, both simulation games and rote learning can be used to teach numeracy as they improved Retention, than the Conventional Strategy.
THE CREDIBILITY GAP IN CLIMATE REPORTING: GOVERNANCE AS A PREDICTOR OF EMISSIONS DATA ACCURACY
The increasing adoption of climate-related disclosures has intensified concerns regarding the credibility and accuracy of reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study empirically examines the extent to which corporate governance quality predicts emissions data accuracy, thereby addressing the credibility gap in climate reporting. Using a panel dataset of 120 publicly listed firms across energy, manufacturing, and financial sectors from 2019 to 2024, the study employs fixed-effects regression analysis. Emissions accuracy is proxied by the deviation between self-reported emissions and benchmark estimates derived from industry-adjusted intensity models. The results reveal that governance quality significantly improves emissions data accuracy, with board independence and sustainability governance structures exerting strong negative effects on reporting discrepancies. The findings remain robust across alternative model specifications. The study contributes to ESG literature by shifting emphasis from disclosure quantity to disclosure credibility and provides policy-relevant insights for strengthening governance frameworks in climate reporting.
Climate reporting, ESG disclosure, governance quality, emissions accuracy, greenwashing, corporate transparency
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND WHOLE-INSTITUTION APPROACHES: A FRAMEWORK FOR MAINSTREAMING SUSTAINABILITY
Mainstreaming sustainability within educational institutions requires a systemic transformation that extends beyond curriculum reform toward a whole-institution orientation that integrates governance, operations, pedagogy, culture, and community relationships. This paper develops an evidence-based framework for embedding sustainability across school systems by combining strategic planning principles with established whole-school approaches to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Drawing on global research, competency frameworks, and implementation models, the paper conceptualises sustainability mainstreaming through eight domains: vision and leadership, curriculum and pedagogy, campus operations, staff capacity, student agency, governance and accountability, community partnerships, and monitoring and evaluation. The article also provides a staged implementation pathway and highlights the conditions necessary for institutionalisation. The proposed framework seeks to support practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in designing sustainable, equitable, and measurable ESD initiatives.
Whole-institution Approach, Whole-school Approach, Education for Sustainable Development, Strategic Planning, Sustainability Mainstreaming