INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, BUSINESS AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
The International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Scientific Research (IJEBSR) is a highly visible and indexed bi-monthly publication of the Institute of Education, Management and Professional Studies (IEMPS). This publication is a clear demonstration to the actualization of one of our objectives to provide both online and offline journals for the publication of multidisciplinary research articles in order to support research and innovation and make significant contribution to the body of knowledge globally.
Institute of Education, Management and Professional Studies
EFFECT OF SIMULATION-BASED LEARNING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABIA STATE
This study investigated the effect of simulation-based learning strategy on students' academic achievement in Agricultural Science in public secondary schools in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the effect of simulation-based learning strategy on students' academic achievement, examined the effect of gender on students' achievement when taught using the strategy, and determined the interaction effect of teaching method and gender on students' academic achievement. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design using a non-randomized, non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control group design involving intact classes. The population comprised 13,288 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students offering Agricultural Science in public secondary schools in Abia State during the 2025/2026 academic session. A sample of 96 students was selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection was the Agricultural Science Achievement Test (ASAT), which was validated by experts and yielded a Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) reliability coefficient of 0.78. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that simulation-based learning strategy significantly improved students' academic achievement compared with the conventional lecture method. Although male students recorded slightly higher mean achievement scores than female students, the difference was not statistically significant. There was also no significant interaction effect of teaching method and gender on students' academic achievement. The study concluded that simulation-based learning strategy is an effective instructional approach for improving students' academic achievement in Agricultural Science irrespective of gender. The study recommended that Agricultural Science teachers should adopt simulation-based learning strategy and that schools should be equipped with appropriate simulation technologies to enhance effective teaching and learning.
Simulation-Based Learning Strategy, Academic Achievement, Agricultural Science, Gender, Secondary School Students.
Copyright (c) 2026 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, BUSINESS AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF NARRATIVE ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS IN NIGERIAN TELECOM COMMERCIALS ON YOUTUBE
Though storytelling is seen as an effective means of advertising, few studies have been carried out to determine how the consumer perceives this strategy when used in telecommunications commercials in Nigeria. The objectives of this paper are to examine the exposure of the consumer to telecommunications commercials in YouTube Channels; and determine consumers’ perception on the effectiveness of storytelling in engagement. The data for this study came from surveys conducted among 400 undergraduate students in Lagos as well as content analysis of 19 telecommunications commercials. The study employed a survey research design with data obtained from 400 undergraduate students in Lagos selected through convenience and purposive sampling using a structured questionnaire whose content validity was established through expert review and reliability confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.72 to 0.85. Results indicated that respondents had moderate to high levels of exposure to commercials for telecom companies in Nigeria on YouTube. The storytelling strategy was deemed to be particularly successful in making telecom brands more relatable (weighted mean = 4.04) and engaging (mean = 3.54), while YouTube was considered an appropriate medium (mean = 3.86). At the same time, the techniques employed were rated as moderately effective when it comes to attracting people's attention (mean = 2.88) and influencing their emotions (mean = 2.83). These findings suggest that linear and culturally grounded narratives may help build psychological closeness and long-term affinity with telecom brands, but they might fall short of producing strong immediate attentional or emotional impact in a skippable digital environment. The study indicates that current storytelling approaches appear to function more as emotional primers than as drivers of deep narrative transportation. This research contributes to understanding audience responses to digital advertising in a Global South context and highlights potential trade-offs between relatability and deeper engagement. Practical implications for telecom brands and advertising agencies are discussed, along with suggestions for future studies that incorporate behavioural measures and broader demographic samples.
Consumer Engagement, Narrative Advertising, Storytelling Effectiveness, YouTube Commercials, Nigerian Telecommunications
PRINCIPAL UTILIZATION OF CURRICULUM CONTENT RESOURCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between principal utilization of curriculum content resources and academic achievement of secondary school students in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all the 2,719 principals, 72,676 teachers and 45, 987 students in all public secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria. The sample for the study was 990 respondents, comprising 90 principals and 900 teachers from 90 public secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure which involved, simple random, stratified, proportionate and purposive sampling techniques was used to select sample for the study. Three set of instruments tagged “Principal Utilization of Curriculum Content Resource Questionnaire (PUCCRQ)”, “Students Affective and Psychomotor Domain Questionnaire (SAPDQ)” and an Inventory on students’ academic performance were used for the study. The three instruments were validated by experts. PUCCRQ and SAPDQ had reliability coefficients of 0.76 and 0.74 respectively. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics involving Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between curriculum content resource and academic achievement of secondary school students. . Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that curriculum content resource and academic achievement of secondary school students were good. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that school principals should ensure that there is efficiency in the utilization of curriculum content resource through proper planning and implementation for enhanced students’ academic achievement.
Principal, Curriculum Content Resource, Academic, Achievement, Secondary School
IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON CURRICULUM DESIGN AND 21ST-CENTURY SKILLS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
The study examined impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on curriculum design and 21st century skills in secondary schools in Kano State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Five specific objectives and corresponding research questions guided the study. The total population is 46,783 teachers’. Samples of 382 respondents were selected for the study. The instrument for data collection was tittle “Impacts of Artificial Intelligence, Curriculum Design and 21st-Century Skills Questionnaire (IAICD21SQ)” designed by the researcher. The reliability coefficient of the instrument yielded 0.83. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that AI is integrated into curriculum design in secondary schools in Kano State to a moderate extent, but implementation remains inconsistent.. The study also found that AI contributes significantly to students’ 21st-century skills development. The findings also revealed those most prominent challenges affecting AI integration in secondary schools includes; poor infrastructure, lack of teacher training, unreliable electricity, internet facilities and limited policy support. The study concluded that Artificial Intelligence has a significant and positive impact on curriculum design and the development of 21st-century skills in secondary schools. Based on the findings recommendations were made that The National Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) and the State's teaching service board should collaborate to review the secondary school curriculum. It must be made more flexible to allow teachers to integrate AI tools and project-based learning that develops 21st-century skills, moving away from a purely examination-centric model.
Artificial Intelligence, Curriculum design, 21st century skills, Secondary schools, Impacts
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AND TEACHER JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
The study examined the relationship between educational resources and secondary school teacher job performance in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the level of teacher job performance and the level of educational resources. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all 8,167 teachers and 206 principals of the 206 public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The sample for this study was 780 respondents, comprising 750 teachers and 30 principals. Multi-stage sampling procedure which involved, simple random, stratified, purposive and proportionate sampling techniques was used to select sample for the study. Two sets of instruments tagged “Educational Resources Questionnaire (ERQ)” and “Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ)” were used for the study. The two instruments were validated by experts in the fields of Educational Management and Tests and Measurement. Test retest method of reliability was used for the study and ERQ and TJPQ yielded reliability coefficients of 0.77 and 0.82 respectively. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the inferential statistics involving Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the research hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study showed that the levels of teacher job performance and educational resources in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria was moderate. The study showed that there was significant relationship between educational resources and teacher job performance. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that educational resources significantly influence teachers’ job performance. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the education stakeholders should show greater commitment to the provision and maintenance educational resources in school for enhanced teachers’ job performance
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AS A TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Rapid urbanization and population growth have intensified environmental pressures within urban built environments, particularly in developing countries. Sustainable architecture has emerged as a strategic approach to addressing environmental challenges associated with building construction and urban development. This study empirically examines the role of sustainable architecture as a tool for environmental management in Abuja. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews of architects, urban planners, and building professionals operating within the city. A total of 150 structured questionnaires were administered and 138 were retrieved from to architects, construction professionals, and building occupants, while 15 key informant interviews were conducted with architects and environmental management experts. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while qualitative responses were examined through thematic analysis. Findings reveal that sustainable architectural practices such as passive ventilation, solar energy integration, rainwater harvesting, and use of locally sourced materials significantly contribute to environmental management by reducing energy consumption, minimizing construction waste, and improving indoor environmental quality. The results also indicate that 72% of respondents acknowledged energy efficiency as the most significant benefit of sustainable architecture, while 65% identified policy limitations and high construction costs as major barriers to adoption. The study concludes that sustainable architecture can significantly enhance environmental management and urban resilience in Abuja if supported by appropriate policy frameworks, professional training, and public awareness. The study therefore recommends stronger government incentives for green building practices, improved environmental regulations, and integration of sustainability principles into architectural education and urban planning policies.
Sustainable architecture, environmental management, green buildings, urban sustainability, Environmental and sustainability and Green Building.
GEO-SPATIAL MAPPING AND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF ECOTOURISM RESOURCES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Ecotourism has become an important strategy for promoting biodiversity conservation, rural development, and sustainable economic growth. However, the spatial distribution and development potential of ecotourism resources in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, remain inadequately documented. This study assessed the spatial distribution of ecotourism resources, evaluated the major challenges affecting ecotourism development, and identified priority strategies for sustainable ecotourism planning. Spatial data were collected using a Garmin 76CSx Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and analysed in ArcGIS 10.1, while socio-economic data were obtained from 382 valid questionnaires administered to host communities and tourism stakeholders. Descriptive statistics, Relative Importance Index (RII), Pearson Product–Moment Correlation, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that ecotourism resources are spatially clustered, with the northern highlands, central riverine corridor, and southeastern geo-cultural zone representing the most important tourism areas. Respondents identified insecurity (Mean = 4.65), inadequate funding (Mean = 4.63), poor road access (Mean = 4.52), and lack of government support (Mean = 4.50) as the major constraints to ecotourism development. Improved security (Mean = 4.37; RII = 0.87) and infrastructure development (Mean = 4.23; RII = 0.85) emerged as the highest-priority strategies for sustainable tourism planning. The factor analysis confirmed that the proposed strategies constitute a reliable framework for sustainable ecotourism development. The study concludes that integrating GIS and GPS technologies with stakeholder perceptions provides an effective decision-support framework for ecotourism planning, conservation, and investment in Nasarawa State.
Ecotourism, Geographic Information Systems (GPS), Sustainable Tourism, Spatial Analysis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
SHIFT FROM OBJECTIVE-FOCUSED TO COMPETENCY-FOCUSED EVALUATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
The increasing complexity of the twenty-first-century world has continued to reshape educational goals, classroom practices, and evaluation systems across different levels of education. Mathematics education particularly faces growing pressure to move beyond traditional objective-focused evaluation that mainly emphasizes memorization, procedural accuracy, and examination performance. Contemporary societies now require learners who possess critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, problem-solving abilities, and practical application skills capable of addressing technological and economic challenges. This conceptual paper examines the shift from objective-focused evaluation to competency-focused evaluation and its implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics in the twenty-first century. The paper is anchored on Experiential Learning Theory developed by David Kolb and Competency-Based Education Theory which emphasize active learning, practical engagement, learner-centered instruction, and demonstration of measurable competencies. The paper discussed limitations associated with traditional assessment approaches and the growing relevance of competency-focused evaluation in promoting deeper understanding and authentic learning experiences in mathematics classrooms. Discussions in the paper indicate that competency-focused evaluation encourages reflective learning, creativity, collaboration, conceptual understanding, and real-life application of mathematical knowledge. The paper concludes that transformative assessment approaches remain essential for improving mathematics teaching and learning outcomes in contemporary educational systems. It therefore suggests that adoption of competency-focused evaluation strategies in mathematics classrooms should be increased to promote meaningful learning and sustainable educational development.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED HAZARD ON VEGETABLE GARDEN ON PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RIVERS STATE.
The study investigated environmental pollution and its associated hazard in vegetable garden in public secondary schools in Rivers State. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 132 teachers and students respectively, the sample size for the study was 132 respondents including agricultural science teachers and student in the study area. The target population comprises of (132) a total of 12 teachers, 120 students, the instrument for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire designed Titled Environmental pollution and its Hazard on Vegetables (EPAHVG) in a 4-point rating scale of low extent (1) High extent (4), face and content validity, three experts from Agricultural Education, Measurement and Evaluation review the instrument for clarity, coverage and relevance. The reliability of the instrument was established using the test-retest method which yielded 0.82. Data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation with a criterion mean value of 2.50 and above while a z-test statistical tool was used to test the null hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. findings from the study revealed that soil and water used in the gardens were significantly affected by environmental contaminants with both students and teachers observing health effects such as skin irritations and noting poor crop growth, also some pollution mitigation practices were in place the study found that formal sensitization and structured environment education were largely in adequate. The study concluded that environmental pollution poses a serious threat to school-based agricultural education and food safety it recommended regular soil testing, curriculum-based-environmental training, provision of clean water sources and stronger policy enforcement to support safe and sustainable school gardening practices in Rivers State.
Environmental, Pollution, Hazard, Vegetable, Gardens, School.
INSTITUTION’S PROPRIETORSHIP (FEDERAL OR STATE OWNED) AND BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS’ INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) UTILIZATION IN CROSS RIVER STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
The comparative study examines the relationship between institutional ownership type (federal versus state-owned) and students' information and communication technology (ICT) utilization in tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated. Survey research design was employed. Three hundred and eight (308) out of seven hundred and seventy-one (771) final year business education students were selected as sample through proportional and accidental sampling techniques. Instrument for data collection was a questionnaire validated by three experts. A trial test was carried out on 20 business education students. Data collected were subjected to Cronbach Alpha reliability method which yielded reliability estimates ranging from 0.77 to 0.85. Data was analysed using independent t-test statistical tools. The result revealed that there was significant difference between the mean responses of universities and colleges of education students on their level of ICT utilization and there was significant difference between the mean responses of students in federal and state owned institution on their level of ICT utilization. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that increase funding for ICT infrastructure development in state universities to address the existing disparity with federal institutions.
Institutional Ownership, Federal Universities, State Universities, ICT Utilization, Higher Education, Business Education
MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOUR AND ORGANIZATIONAL SURVIVAL OF OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN BONNY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE
This study examined the relationship between managerial behavior and organizational survival of oil and gas firms in Bonny Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study investigated the extent to which proactive behavior, responsive behavior, and reactive behavior influence organizational survival indicators such as profitability, market share, and return on investment. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to staff of selected oil and gas firms in Bonny. Descriptive statistics and Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient were used for data analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22.0). The findings revealed that proactive managerial behavior significantly improves profitability and market competitiveness. Responsive managerial behavior enhances organizational adaptability, employee commitment, and customer satisfaction, while reactive managerial behavior contributes to crisis management and operational continuity. The study concluded that managerial behavior significantly influences organizational survival within the oil and gas sector. The study recommended that managers should adopt proactive and adaptive leadership strategies capable of sustaining long-term organizational competitiveness and operational efficiency.
Managerial Behavior, Organizational Survival, Proactive Behavior, Responsive Behavior, Reactive Behavior, Profitability, Oil and Gas Firms
ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLES OF DIGITAL INNOVATIVE PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RURAL AREAS OF ANAMBRA STATE
This study will assess the roles of digital innovative practices on sustainable learning in secondary schools in rural areas of Anambra State. The study will be guided by three research questions. The study will employ a descriptive survey research design. The population will consist of 51,444 students enrolled in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Taro Yamene’s formula will be used to determine a sample size of 397. The instrument for data collection will be a self-developed questionnaire organized into four clusters, each addressing one research question. Each cluster will have eight (8) items, thereby making it a total of 24 questionnaire items. The instrument will use a 4-point rating scale: Strongly Agree (4), Agree (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1). Three research experts will validate the instrument, while its internal consistency will be determined using Cronbach’s Alpha based on a trial test involving 20 students in public secondary schools in Enugu State. Mean and standard deviation will be used to analyze data related to the research questions.
Innovation, Digital Innovation, Sustainable Learning, Digital Innovation Practices
Copyright (c) 2026 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPACT OF ICT COMPETENCE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (OTM) STUDENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN DELTA STATE
This study examines the impact of ICT competence on the academic performance of Office Technology and Management (OTM) students in tertiary institutions in Delta State, Nigeria. ICT competence has become a critical requirement in modern office education due to the increasing digitalization of administrative processes and learning environments. The study adopted descriptive survey research design, the study was carried out in four tertiary institutions in Delta state namely Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State College of Education Warri, Delta state University Abraka and University of Delta Agbor. The population of the study comprised 102 students in OTM .Convenient sampling technique was used to select eighty (80) from the population of the study The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire tittled Impact of ICT Competence on the Academic Performance of Office Technology and Management Students in Tertiary Institutions in Delta State Questionaire (ITCCAPOTMSQ).The instrument was validated by two experts in measurement and evaluation Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba and another from OTM department University of Delta Agbor. The corrections and recommendations provided were utilized to enhance the quality of the instrument employed for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established using the Cronbach Alpha technique, which produced a reliability coefficient of 0.73, indicating that the instrument was reliable for the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and analyze the data collected. The findings indicate that while ICT competence significantly enhances academic performance, the effectiveness of ICT integration in tertiary institutions largely depends on the availability of adequate infrastructure, institutional support, and continuous ICT training.Based on the findings, it was recommended that Tertiary institutions in Delta State should provide adequate ICT facilities such as modern computer laboratories, internet services, projectors, and digital learning platforms to improve students’ access to ICT tools. School management and government agencies should organize regular ICT training programmes and workshops for students and lecturers to improve digital competence and effective utilization of ICT tools in teaching and learning.
ICT Competence, Academic Performance, Office Technology and Management Tertiary Institutions
Copyright (c) 2026 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, BUSINESS AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF ICTS TOOLS AND LIBRARY SERVICES PROVISION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR, NIGERIA
The study investigated the application of ICTs and library services provision in University of Calabar, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, four research questions with four corresponding null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study: computer, Internet, photocopying machine, CD-ROM while the dependent variable is library services provision in universities. Literature was reviewed based on the sub-variables used in the study. The research design used was survey design and the instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. A total number of seventy-five (75) librarians and para-professionals as respondents were sampled for the study, using the census sampling technique. The instrument used was validated by experts and the reliability was ascertained using Cronbach alpha. Data collected was analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between application of computer and library services provision in University of Calabar, Nigeria. Also, there is significant relationship between application of Internet and library service provision in University of Calabar, Nigeria. Based on this finding, it was recommended that University management should provide ICT facilities to the library, Internet facilities should be made available in the library to enhance circulation services, Government should make Internet facilities available and accessible to students, well spirited individual and co-operate organisation should equally assist in the provision of ICT facilities in the library.
Computer, Internet, ICT facilities, Library Services, University
DIGITAL GIG WORK AND POVERTY REDUCTION AMONG YOUTHS IN MINNA METROPOLIS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the impact of digital gig work on poverty reduction among youths in Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria. It specifically examined youths’ participation in digital gig work, assessed its contribution to poverty alleviation, and identified challenges faced by gig workers. The study adopted a descriptive and explanatory survey research design. A sample of 384 youths engaged in digital gig work was selected using a multistage sampling technique, combining purposive, snowball, and convenience sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression analysis). Findings revealed that most digital gig workers were males aged 23–27 years with ND/NCE or BSc qualifications. Ride-hailing and online freelancing were the most common types of gig work. Average monthly income ranged between ₦30,000 and ₦80,000, indicating that gig work partially contributes to poverty reduction. Inferential analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between participation in digital gig work and poverty reduction (r = 0.62, β = 0.48, p < 0.05). Despite these benefits, challenges such as income instability, lack of social protection, and irregular work schedules limit the full potential of digital gig work in alleviating poverty. The study concludes that digital gig work provides meaningful income opportunities and enhances living standards for youths in Minna Metropolis, but supportive policies, financial access, skills development, and entrepreneurial initiatives are necessary to maximize its impact. The findings contribute to knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the role of digital gig work in poverty reduction within smaller urban centres in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends that government and relevant stakeholders provide digital skills training to enhance youths’ productivity in gig work. There is also a need for supportive policies that ensure social protection and fair working conditions for gig workers.
Digital Gig Work, Youths, Poverty Reduction, Minna Metropolis, Nigeria
DILEMMAS OF CORRUPT DEFENSE EXPENDITURES AND NIGERIA NATIONAL SECURITY, 2015-2023
The paper examined dilemmas of corrupt defense expenditures and Nigeria national security. As a result of insecurity in different forms in Nigeria such as Boko Haram activities, banditry, Islamic State's West Africa Province (ISWAP) activities, etc., the Nigerian government has been forced to intervene through expenditure programs in order to prosecute the war and provide developmental assistance in the country. Consequently, money is considered vital in winning wars. Despite the fact that billions of dollars have been spent over the years to restore peace in Nigeria, there have been calls of widespread corruption in the management of funds. This paper adopted a qualitative research design aimed at understanding of the relationship between corruption in defense expenditures and Nigeria national security. The paper relied on secondary sources of data, including scholarly articles, government reports, official statistics, and credible media reports. The paper found out that corruption stifles defense expenditure and increases insecurity in Nigeria. The paper then recommended, amongst others, that, A crucial step designed to enhance the readiness of the nation to fight all types of insecurity is the preparation and procurement for threats that are likely but have not yet materialized.
Corruption, Defence, Security, Insecurity
TERRORISM SYMPATHISERS, CONFLICT ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND WAR AGAINST TRANSBORDER TERRORISM IN NIGERIA
The paper examined terrorism sympathizers, conflict profit tearing and war against trans-border terrorism in Nigeria. The dynamics of conflict reveals complex interplay of actors who derive significant benefits from ongoing violence and insecurity. Among these are conflict commodity dealers, arms dealers, and military contractors. Arms dealers profit from supplying weapons to conflicting parties, often operating through either unstructured black markets or more organized networks. The paper relied heavily on the use of secondary sources, such as official gazettes, textbooks, journals, internet materials and financial documents from local and international anti-money laundering organizations. It involved conducting extensive and critical content analysis of extant literature on terrorism sympathisers, conflict profiteering, criminal financing in Nigeria. The paper found out that terrorist groups like Boko Haram are using the licit financial infrastructure in the country to generate critical funds for their illicit activities. The paper recommended, amongst others, that the Boko Haram insurgency, along with associated banditry and kidnapping, does not solely lead to suffering, property destruction, and underdevelopment. A significant number of individuals and groups actually profit from these crises, which contributes to the prolonged duration of conflict, often beyond the immediate issues at stake.
Conflict, Terrorism, Boko Haram, Insurgency
IMPACT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 2009 - 2024
This study empirically investigates the impact of financial technology (FinTech) and financial inclusion on economic development in Nigeria using annual time-series data covering 2009–2023 (15 years). Financial technology is proxied by digital payment channels such as mobile banking transactions, ATM transactions and POS transactions, while financial inclusion was represented by number of bank accounts, (NBA) and credit to the private sector (CPS). Economic development is measured using real GDP per capita (RGDPPC). The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model alongside descriptive statistics, unit root test, bounds test, and diagnostic tests. The results indicate that financial technology significantly enhances financial inclusion and contributes positively to economic development in Nigeria in the long run. The ARDL bounds test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The findings suggest that improvements in digital financial services and access to financial institutions increase economic participation and productivity. The study recommends strengthening fintech infrastructure, expanding digital payment systems and implementing policies that encourage financial access in rural areas to accelerate economic development.
Financial Technology, Financial Inclusion, Economic Development, ATM Transactions, POS Transactions
Copyright (c) 2026 Journals INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, BUSINESS AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITIZED RECORD KEEPING PRACTICES, SCHOOL-BASED DECISION-MAKING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated digitized record keeping practices, school based decision making and administrative effectiveness of senior secondary school principals in Lagos State, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, one research question was answered and two hypotheses were tested. Population consisted of all Principals, Vice Principals (Administration), Education Maintenance and Information System (EMIS) Officers and teachers from 327 Public Senior Secondary Schools in the six Education Districts of Lagos State. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 101 principals, 101 vice principals (administration) and 101 EMIS Officers while simple random sampling technique was used to choose 505 teachers. The instruments used in collecting data were Administrative Effectiveness of Secondary School Principals Questionnaire (AESSPQ) (r = 0.812), School-based Decision-making Questionnaire (SbDMQ) (r = 0.842) and Digitized Record-Keeping Practices Questionnaire (DRKPQ) (r = 0.955).All the instruments were also subjected to validity testing and taken through a pilot study. Findings of the study revealed that there is a negative and non-significant relationship between digitized records keeping practices and administrative effectiveness of public senior secondary school principals in Lagos State, Nigeria (r = -.127, ρ < 0.05); school-based decision-making does not significantly relate with administrative effectiveness of public senior secondary school principals in Lagos State, Nigeria (r = -.059, ρ < 0.05);. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended among others that government at all levels should provide necessary support for implementing and maintaining digital record-keeping systems such as adequate infrastructure, ICT experts, and internet connectivity.
Digitized, Record Keeping Practices, Decision-making, Administrative effectiveness
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN STUDENT PERFORMANCE MONITORING: A PLANNING PERSPECTIVE IN NORTH-EAST NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics are reshaping educational monitoring systems globally by enabling universities to forecast academic outcomes and guide strategic student support. In North-East Nigeria, where insecurity, infrastructural gaps, & administrative strain continue to affect tertiary education, predictive systems offer opportunities to enhance early-warning interventions, strengthen institutional planning, and support data-driven student management. This study investigated the use of AI-enabled performance prediction tools among five public universities in the region, focusing on their effectiveness in improving decision-making and student outcome planning. A descriptive research design was applied, with data collected from 350 academic administrators and ICT personnel through a structured questionnaire. Results indicated a moderate level of AI adoption and significant influence of predictive analytics on academic monitoring processes. Findings revealed that universities utilizing AI systems recorded improved identification of at-risk students, better academic advisory planning, and more efficient resource allocation. Nonetheless, challenges such as limited technical skills, infrastructure deficits, and ethical concerns regarding data governance were evident. The study recommends capacity building for staff, investment in digital infrastructure, institutional AI policies, and ethical data standards to maximize the benefits of AI-driven student monitoring systems. The conclusions emphasize that while AI holds strong potential for academic transformation, strategic planning remains essential for equitable and sustainable implementation in the regional higher-education system. AI-enabled predictive analytics significantly support student performance monitoring and academic planning in North-East Nigeria. Universities using predictive tools achieve earlier intervention, improved resource allocation, and enhanced academic outcomes. Strengthening staff capacity, infrastructure, and policy frameworks is necessary to sustain effective adoption and maximize student-success benefits.
Artificial intelligence, Predictive Analytics, Student Monitoring, Academic Planning, Early-Warning Systems, North-East Nigeria
This study examines code-switching as a political act in Kano State, Nigeria, where multilingual communication is a common feature of everyday life and public interaction. The study was motivated by the need to move beyond the general sociolinguistic treatment of code-switching and to explore its political significance in relation to persuasion, identity construction, audience connection, and power. Two objectives guided the study: to examine the communicative functions of code-switching in multilingual interaction and political discourse, and to analyze how and why code-switching operates as a political act in contemporary public communication. The study adopted a descriptive qualitative research design. A purposive sample of 20 participants was selected from Kano residents who were familiar with multilingual communication and political discourse. Data were collected through open-ended interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that code-switching performs important communicative functions such as enhancing understanding of political messages, creating closeness and solidarity with audiences, reaching diverse language groups, making speeches more persuasive, reflecting shared identity, and emphasizing important points. The study also found that code-switching functions as a political act by helping politicians win support, construct ethnic or group identity, show solidarity, persuade listeners, include or exclude audiences, and project grassroots leadership. The study concludes that code-switching is not merely a linguistic habit but a deliberate communicative and political strategy through which meanings, relationships, and power are negotiated in multilingual societies. It recommends that political actors use code-switching responsibly and that further studies should expand research on language and politics in multilingual settings such as Kano.
Code-switching, Political act, Multilingualism, Language and politics, Persuasion
EFFECTS OF REMOTE WORK ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AND JOB SATISFACTION IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION, KEBBI STATE
This study examined the effect of remote work on employee productivity and job satisfaction in Colleges of Education in Kebbi State. The study adopted a correlational research design to explore the relationships among remote work, productivity, and job satisfaction. The population comprised 450 employees (academic and non-academic staff) across three selected Colleges of Education, from which a sample of 150 employees was drawn using stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation across departments. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled “Remote Work, Productivity and Job Satisfaction Scale (RWPJSS)”, which was validated by experts in educational management and organizational psychology to ensure content validity. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed through a pilot study, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86, indicating high internal consistency. Data collection involved administering the questionnaire directly to respondents and retrieving completed copies for analysis. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient to test the hypotheses and answer the research questions. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between remote work and employee productivity, as well as between remote work and job satisfaction, suggesting that remote work arrangements enhance employees’ performance and well-being. Additionally, a strong positive relationship was observed between employee productivity and job satisfaction, indicating that satisfied employees are more productive. The study concluded that remote work can serve as an effective strategy to improve performance and satisfaction in tertiary institutions. It recommended that college administrators implement structured remote work policies, provide adequate technological support, and promote work-life balance initiatives to optimize employee outcomes in Colleges of Education in Kebbi State.
Remote work, Employee productivity, Job satisfaction, Colleges of Education
CLOTHING AND TEXTILE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A TOOL FOR YOUTH EMPOWERMENT AND ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Youth unemployment and economic vulnerability remain persistent challenges in many developing economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria and similar contexts, the clothing and textile sector presents significant but underutilized opportunities for youth empowerment, job creation, and economic resilience. This paper adopts a conceptual and policy-oriented approach to examine clothing and textile entrepreneurship as a strategic tool for empowering young people and strengthening economic resilience. Drawing on relevant literature, development theories, and policy documents, the study explores the nexus between youth entrepreneurship, skills acquisition, value-chain participation, and sustainable economic development. The paper argues that clothing and textile entrepreneurship, when supported by appropriate policies, training frameworks, and innovation-driven practices, can serve as a viable pathway for reducing youth unemployment, enhancing self-reliance, and promoting inclusive economic growth. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at governments, educational institutions, and development agencies on how to reposition clothing and textile entrepreneurship for sustainable youth empowerment and long-term economic resilience.
Clothing and Textile Entrepreneurship, Youth Empowerment, Economic Resilience, Skills Development, Sustainable Development
EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ SKILL ACQUISITION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ENGAGEMENT IN HOME ECONOMICS IN UMUAHIA NORTH LGA OF ABIA STATE
This study investigated the effect of Project-Based Learning (PBL) strategy on students’ skill acquisition and entrepreneurial engagement in Home Economics among Junior Secondary II (JSS II) students in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State. The study adopted a pretest–posttest non-equivalent quasi-experimental design involving 76 students purposively selected from two public secondary schools. One intact class (n = 40) was taught using the PBL strategy (experimental group), while another class (n = 36) received conventional lecture instruction (control group). Data were collected using a structured Home Economics Achievement Test (HMAT), which was face and content validated by three experts and had a reliability coefficient of 0.76. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at a 0.05 level of significance, with pretest scores serving as covariates. The findings revealed that students exposed to PBL demonstrated higher posttest mean scores and mean gains in both skill acquisition (X̅ = 25.20; gain = 12.30) and entrepreneurial engagement (X̅ = 23.10; gain = 12.30) compared to those taught with the lecture method (skill: X̅ = 18.50; gain = 5.50; entrepreneurial engagement: X̅ = 16.40; gain = 5.50). ANCOVA results confirmed that these differences were statistically significant (skill acquisition: F = 252.20, p < 0.05; entrepreneurial engagement: F = 237.20, p < 0.05). The study concluded that Project-Based Learning is a highly effective instructional strategy for enhancing practical skills and fostering entrepreneurial engagement among secondary school students in Home Economics. It recommended that Home Economics teachers should implement Project-Based Learning (PBL) strategies in the classroom to improve students’ practical skills and entrepreneurial engagement.
PBL, Home Economics, Skill Acquisition, Entrepreneurial Engagement
INFLUENCE OF ETHICAL COMPLIANCE IN BUDGETARY ALLOCATION AND DISBURSEMENT ON LECTURERS’ PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN RIVERS STATE
This study examined the influence of ethical compliance in budgetary allocation and disbursement on lecturers’ productivity in public universities in Rivers State. The research was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses and employed a descriptive survey design to collect and analyze data. The population comprised 3,356 lecturers across three public universities: University of Port Harcourt (1,385), Rivers State University (1,585), and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (386). Using Taro Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 357 lecturers was determined. Through proportionate stratified sampling, 147 lecturers were drawn from the University of Port Harcourt, 169 from Rivers State University, and 41 from Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, with the final sample consisting of 140 male and 217 female lecturers. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire titled Influence of Ethical Compliance in Budgetary Allocation and Disbursement on Lecturers’ Productivity in Public Universities Questionnaire, reviewed by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation at Rivers State University. Reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding a coefficient of 0.83. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were applied to answer the research questions, while z-test statistics tested the hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that financial transparency compliance in budgetary allocation and accountability compliance in fund disbursement significantly and positively influenced lecturers’ productivity. Based on the findings, it was recommended that public universities adopt robust financial transparency frameworks that strengthen accountability in budgetary processes, ensuring efficiency, openness, and trust in financial management.
Ethical Compliance, Budgetary Allocation, Fund Disbursement, Financial Transparency, Lecturers’ Productivity.
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ENTREPRENEURIAL TRUSTWORTHINESS PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN RIVERS STATE.
This study investigated Entrepreneurial Trustworthiness Practice and Performance among Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Rivers State. The study was guided by three hypotheses and objectives. The study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial trustworthiness and performance among SMSEs. The anchored on the theory of entrepreneurship exposure. The study adopted correlational and cross-sectional research design. The population of the study was 12,964 SMSEs with a sample size of 390 SMSEs, and stratified random technique was used, structured questionnaire with 4 Likert scale was used as main source of data collection. PPMCC was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level with the help of SPSS model. The findings of this study revealed that there was a low positive significant relationship between trustworthiness and financial performance. The findings of this study showed that there was a low positive significant relationship between trustworthiness and market performance, customer satisfaction among SMSEs in Rivers State. The study concluded that entrepreneurial trustworthiness practice is inevitable for the success of SMEs. Based on this, the study further recommended that entrepreneurs, managers, employees, parents and society should practice the principles of ethics on their daily activity for the success among SMSEs and society at large.
Customer satisfaction, Financial Performance, Market Performance, performance, Trustworthiness
SUSTAINABLE HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT: ENHANCING WORKPLACE ETHICS AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN A GLOBALIZED ERA
Sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM) is widely acknowledged for fostering enduring organizational success; however, its global connections to workplace ethics and employee engagement remain underexplored. This study examines the relationship between SHRM practices and employee engagement, and the influence of workplace ethics on this relationship. Drawing on stakeholder and social exchange theories, the research demonstrates that an ethical workplace climate underpins SHRM practices, including human capital development, employee well-being, work-life balance, and ethical leadership, thereby enhancing employee engagement. A cross-sectional survey of employees from selected private organizations in Rivers State was conducted to analyze these relationships. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between SHRM practices and employee engagement and further suggest that ethical behavior shapes this association. The findings show that ethical conduct enhances employee engagement and that sustainability-oriented HRM practices can leverage ethics to improve organizational outcomes. This study contributes to the sustainable HRM literature by providing empirical evidence from Rivers State and offering practical recommendations for business owners, policymakers, and organizations seeking to implement ethically sustainable HR practices that foster engagement and resilience.
Sustainable, Human Resource Management, Employee Engagement, Workplace, Ethics.
SUPERVISORY MECHANISMS AND ETHICAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE UTILIZATION OF INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE (IGR) OF UNIVERSITIES IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated supervisory mechanisms and ethical accountability in the utilization of Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of universities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Two (2) research questions and 2 hypotheses were used. The descriptive survey research design was used. The population of the study consisted of 127 administrative and academic staff of universities in Bayelsa State. A sample size of 127 administrative and academic staff representing 100% of the population served as respondents. The census sampling technique was employed. A 12-item questionnaire was used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used for the research questions and z-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result among others revealed that, universities do not often practice whistle-blowing/protected reporting channels, independent audit committees within Governing Councils and they do not regularly publish financial reports on IGR use on their websites annually. Some of the notable challenges are cultural norms/tacit acceptance of unethical practices, low ICT adoption/fragmented financial management systems which influences revenue generation and allocation. It was recommended that, the state government need to desist from all sorts of political manipulations and universities should regularly publish financial reports on IGR use on their websites annually.
Supervisory Mechanisms, Ethical Accountability, Utilization of IGR, Universities and Challenges.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR ALIGNING HIGHER EDUCATION WITH LABOUR MARKET DEMAND IN THE 21ST CENTURY IN NIGERIA
The concern of this study is on the innovative strategies for aligning higher education with labour market demand in the 21st century in Nigeria using the correlational research design. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. The study adopted the mean and standard deviation statistical tools to answer the research questions and tested the single hypothesis with the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed a very strong and significant relationship between innovative strategies in higher education and labour market demand in Nigeria (r = 0.998; p < 0.05). The study concluded that Education is the most significant pillar that underpins individual, societal and economic growth and development of any nation, therefore it should be given all it takes and that aligning Nigeria higher education with labour market demand is crucial for driving economic growth, reducing unemployment and improving living standards. Based on the findings in this study, it is majorly recommended that the government should involve employers and external bodies in higher education programmes and curriculum development and try to implement industry based curriculum that will incorporate digital skills and emerging technologies.
Higher Education, Innovative Strategies, Aligning, Labour Market Demand
LEADERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABILITY: COMPETENCIES AND DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS FOR SCHOOL PRINCIPALS
The increasing complexity of global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, biodiversity loss, inequality, and social instability has positioned schools as key institutions for cultivating sustainability-oriented knowledge, values, and actions. School principals, as central agents of school transformation, require renewed leadership competencies that move beyond managerial efficiency toward systemic, future-oriented, and ethically grounded forms of sustainability leadership. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainability leadership in education by: (1) critically synthesizing global scholarship on sustainability competencies, (2) contextualizing those competencies for school principalship, and (3) proposing multilayered development pathways; pre-service, in-service, and policy/system-level supports. Drawing on a large body of evidence from educational leadership, sustainability science, and ESD (Education for Sustainable Development), the article offers an expanded competency framework for principals, encompassing systems, futures, normative, strategic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, implementation, integration, and socio-political competencies. It argues that advancing sustainability leadership requires not only individual competence but also supportive institutional cultures, collaborative structures, and enabling policies. Implications for policymakers, scholars, and professional development providers are presented, emphasizing the need for long-term, practice-based leadership formation grounded in ethical, ecological, and equity-oriented principles.
School Principals, Sustainable Leadership, Sustainability Competencies, Education for Sustainable Development, Professional Development, School Leadership